Best Practices Manual for New Supervisors Essay

Best Practices Manual for New Supervisors - Essay Example Managers may not be basically answerable for the entirety of the staffing exercises, however they are generally engaged with at least one of them. Consequently, if directors are to be successful in the staffing capacity, they should see every one of these exercises. How can one become a decent director Among the essential factors that recognize bosses from usable workers are the level and kinds of choices that they should make. A manager must be worried about how a choice may influence their representatives and the association. A usable worker, interestingly, is fundamentally worried about how a choice influences that person exclusively. Individuals who don't care for settling on choices as a rule don't make great administrators. The motivation behind this section is to familiarize the manager with the exercises and methods of the staffing capacity. It additionally investigates the different preparing programs that best matches the chose workforce in an association that is into creation and another that is in retail business. Correspondence is a significant factor in comprehension and deciphering data among people and gatherings. An unmistakable, exact and powerful correspondence is the thing that makes an individual captivate everyone. It is ideal to converse with the point than depict in detail which could at last make an uncertainty in the psyche of the audience. Compelling correspondence decides how to impact arrangements all the more adequately and manufacture certainty, remaining in charge while arranging, and maintaining a strategic distance from control. Relational abilities likewise incorporate tuning in and sympathy; Appreciative request, a significant achievement in association improvement, preparing and advancement and in critical thinking, all in all. Correspondence can likewise be non-verbal, that is, it could be additionally communication via gestures. Great stance and clear language are signs of acceptable relational abilities. It is basic that any person who has faith in a decent correspo ndence and shows genuine concern and regard for the other individual's view tunes in with intrigue and care. During preparing, chiefs willingly volunteer to show their students the craft of legitimate correspondence. It must be comprehended that it is these equivalent students who will speak to the association while tending to clients. On the off chance that a representative is seen as inconsiderate or uncooperative, clients will leave the organization without doing any business, which is negative to the business. Along these lines, correspondence assumes a significant job in the improvement of business. 2.1 Technical Systems in Communication Another strategy for correspondence to upgrade creation is by the utilization of the electronic media. This could be named as the Efficiency Paradox. To settle the efficiency Catch 22 (Brynjolfson [1993]) suggested getting a better comprehension of the connection between the spread of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the organizational change of firms, markets and other

Rochelle free essay sample

The Kitchen Table Book. From her neighborly tone, she is in presenting the numerous parts of the book. She utilizes cures and explicit word usage the book offers. Her distraction was to get perusers to purchase what she is advancing on the grounds that its bravo to As a matter of fact helping control our cholesterol. for her to convince them she had an agreeable tone yet moves too genuine when conversation the cures. Using explicit lingual authority Garner utilize commonand economical to persuade the peruser to purchase the book.Garner endeavors to convince the perusers to purchase The Kitchen Table Book which is loaded up with 1,427 cures. In her letter she utilizes 3 cures that are the most widely recognized to the individual who perhaps perusing the letter. Her first cure is .. . Apples we utilized were really helping control our cholesterol she bolsters it with a flashback of how when her family would prepare crusty fruit-filled treats they were controlling there cholesterol. We will compose a custom paper test on Rochelle or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At the point when she presented the book in the letter she reports the supernatural occurrence drink which would help Battle fragile bone sicknesses .. .It additionally battles malignant growth, hypertension and heart sicknesses. Finally, Garner clarifies how on the off chance that you Flip to page 310 to find.. . Items that really slaughters ailments causing microscopic organisms disposes of form and buildup Even clears out clothing stains. She depicts each cure In the book with supreme god-send in light of the fact that .. . They are demonstrated to cut your danger of medical procedure, and even visual impairment! Charlotte tends to the peruser as companion In request to make a warm climate to help her flashbacks, TA an individual memory which shows the peruser her friendliness.Her composing Is excited to help her perusers by Informing them of the various cures are In the book. Words, for example, normal and Inexpensive family unit tells the peruser she Is attempting to help. Toward the end she compose P. S.. . Free and no commitment to purchase blessing was the last endeavor of utilizing her invitingness to persuade her perusers. All in all she convinces the peruser by quickly discussing whats In the book. She likewise gives the peruser three cure that would convince the peruser of how to forestall those infections. Rockwell By Rockefeller arena which would help Attlee fragile bone infections It likewise battles malignant growth, high shape and mold Even clears out clothing stains. She portrays each cure in the Charlotte tends to the peruser as companion so as to make a warm climate to amicability. Her composing is energetic to help her perusers by illuminating them regarding the various cures are in the book. Words, for example, normal and reasonable family unit tells the peruser she is attempting to help. Toward the end taking everything into account she convinces the peruser by quickly discussing whats in the book.

How to Write a Good Satire Essay

How to Write a Good Satire Essay Do you have a good sense of humor? Then, you should treat an assignment to write a satire essay as a really fun challenge. It is a great opportunity to express your ideas on the topic in an unusual way. If you want to write an impressive work, you should identify your target audience first. Even if you have never written this type of an essay before, you must have read satirical articles usually written about the famous people. If you have no idea how to write a satire essay, you are welcome to use smart tips. The very first thing you should do before starting is to make sure you clearly understand the aim of this piece of writing. It is high time to find this out! What Goal Should You Achieve Writing a Satire Essay? Even if you hear about such kind of an essay for the first time, it is not difficult to guess what the teacher expects from you. This is a writing task which focuses on a certain issue using the hyperbole and satirical means. Sounds fun, doesnt it? The main aim of writing a witty satire essay is to attract the readers attention to the certain political figure, celebrity, or any subject area with the help of special language means. Satire ruthlessly ridicules human shortcomings and vices. It laughs at charlatanry, liars, and deceivers, over negative qualities of people, over vicious phenomena. This type of work isnt a piece of cake. Most students consider it the most difficult piece of writing due to the need to make an in-depth research on the topic and brainstorm ideas on how to present it in the humorous tone. It would be much easier if the only goal you had to achieve was to make the reader laugh. However, a satire essay isnt only about laughing. The well-written satirical works pay attention to really serious and important things presenting them in a smart and witty way. What is Described in the Satirical Essay? Working on an essay, you should remember that its main element is the problem or a debatable situation which should be described with the help of effective humor hooks. If to describe the satire essay in a couple of words, this is a mix of criticism and humor. Wonder how to write a satirical essay? This type of work can be compared to the preparation of the original dish consisting of several layers. Inside you will have facts which you base your essay on. On the top, there will be humor which will entertain the reader while on the ground there will be sarcasm and irony. Such assignments are usually given to discover what students think about the current politicians work, the social media effect, and other controversial issues that can be considered from both sides. The main thing to take into account is the fact that such works should reveal the negative side of a subject sphere. Main Elements of the Good Satirical Essay The satire essay differs from other types of academic assignments. It is completely different in terms of the elements the writer should use. As it has already been mentioned above, the work should be based on facts. Some students may think that this is just a humorous piece of writing but it is not. You are expected to provide the reader with the real facts but serve them under the “delicious” dressing of exaggeration, irony, and sarcasm. The key elements of your work are various humor techniques and satire is the most important element you should use. The main difficulty of using this technique is to differentiate between the irony and satire which is the stronger language mean used to raise the public awareness of a certain shortcoming or a problem. How to Structure a Satire Essay in the Correct Way? Like any other academic paper, this type of an essay has its own peculiarities and distinctive features. Before writing, you should learn more about the format of a satire essay. There are three main parts it should include: Introduction: A brief paragraph where you introduce the topic to the audience. The first lines of your work should be attractive and eye-catching. Check whether the reader can understand what you are going to write about. Main body: This part may contain two or usually three paragraphs. Here you are expected to give facts and reveal the main idea. Conclusion: The final paragraph should reflect your standpoint. Make it clear and concise. You should study more about how to write a satire essay outline if you want to have a good structure of the paper. The outline will be helpful in organizing thoughts in the proper way and establish connections between the main constituent parts of the work. Writing a satire essay outline, you will save much time when working on the essay itself. Step-By-Step Guide for Developing a Satire Piece of Writing The process of writing may not be so tiresome if you follow tips for writing a satire essay. Every activity can become enjoyable and less time-consuming if a person does it according to the instructions. Want to check out by yourself? Would you like to know how to write a satire essay step by step? Be careful and follow the guide: Pick up a great topic. The choice of a topic may be a real challenge as this is not a descriptive or a narrative essay where you can talk about anything. The range of topics is huge here as well but you should be choosy. Never forget about your readers likes and dislikes. What will the reader be interested in? Choose the topic, which looks original. You can brainstorm several ideas and then give preference to the best one. How would you know that the one you have chosen is the best of the best? Everything is simple! Be guided by your own passions. It is up to you to decide whether the topic has something to laugh at or not. Learn more about the hyperbole and other literary devices: This type of work differs from others in the way that you need to have the necessary knowledge of certain literary devices. You should gain skills on how to exaggerate real facts. Learn how to write a satire essay example before you get started. Think of a catching thesis statement: It is very important to make up an informative thesis statement which will catch your reader. Write a sentence or two which will reflect the key idea of your paper in the introduction. Make an outline: Dont underestimate the importance of devoting time to a plan. Make it as detailed as possible without missing any significant information. Work on the essay structure: Stick to the 5- or 6-paragraph structure providing the relevant information in each of the three main parts. Make sure the essay sounds logical: The last step you should take is to edit and proofread the paper. Make sure that you did a great job. If you reread the work and understand that you havent managed to express the thoughts in the right way, rewrite those parts you dont like or add some eye-catching facts that will make it worthy. Tips for Choosing a Winning Satire Essay Topic + 10 Great Topic Examples Do you feel puzzled as you have no topic ideas? Follow helpful tips and you will see that the process of choosing the topic may be transformed into a great pastime. You can ask your teacher or friends to brainstorm ideas as well. The more ideas you have, the better. When looking for the killer topic for the essay, you should bear in mind that you will succeed if you find the theme which appeals to your target audience. Make a research on what people are interested in today. Popular celebrities, well-known world leaders, current trends, etc. The selection of topics is wide. Make sure you have chosen the topic you have good knowledge in. You wont manage to make it funny, entertaining, and at the same time touching upon serious points if you have the shallow knowledge in the subject. 10 Interesting Topic Examples for Your Satire Essay Why are there more chances to get the better advice from the stranger than from friends? What to spend the minimum salary on? Why do you need to make friends if you already have a dog? Dads are much greater babysitters than moms. Robots will substitute people in the majority of the life spheres. Why is Donald Trump the most popular politician? Which benefits will our society have if everyone has equal rights including animals? Why pay taxes if the country itself doesnt repay loans to other countries? Why can more and more people be characterized as couch potatoes? Which problems do rich and famous people face? Ask for Professional Satire Essay Help and Get the Guaranteed A-Grade If you have looked at an example of a satire essay and understood that you dont have the required knowledge and skills, the most reasonable way is to ask experts to help you. Entrusting us with your college assignment, you can enjoy a number of benefits. No need to spend hours hitting the books. Our professional team of writers knows how to make your piece of writing really sarcastic. If you realize that you either lack time to develop a worthy paper or dont know how to write a satirical essay as it has a lot of nuances, dont hesitate to contact us. We will do our best! Only the experienced writer is able to cope with such difficult assignment as a satirical essay. Do you need a paper that will stand out? Then you definitely need our writing assistance. Enjoy your pastime while our talented writers with the great sense of humor are creating a unique content!

Medical Knowledge During The Middle Ages - 1303 Words

Medieval people viewed physicians as significant contributors to medical knowledge during the Middle Ages; however, there was a small amount who perceived physicians as being men who wanted to make a lucrative earning. More importantly, their opinion was built upon a physician’s level of education, religion, and gender. This opinion would differ on the person, considering the amount of money they earned and their location. The general consensus was Tomasso del Garbo, a influential physician with a prosperous clientele. He envoked a great deal of admiration due to his heritage; his father was an innovative physician, author, and lecturer, and his education level, a university graduate. Since, licensing was not a crucial factor to either the king, church, or other doctor’s in terms of determining an individual doctor’s reputation; medieval people used the same factors that would be used to judge an ordinary person like heritage, education level, and social class, t o a physician who should be criticized on his medical knowledge and practice. This was changed significantly when physician’s themselves were put in charge of their own licensing. For example, a general physician was honored in a greater manner in contrast to a specialized physician or even worse, a specialized surgeon. Afterward, a specialized surgeon was idolized since they were able to obtain a focused level of education. Education became crucial as education was within reach of a greater number of people asShow MoreRelatedEssay on Disease and Treatment in the Middle Ages1231 Words   |  5 PagesDisease and Treatment in the Middle Ages The Middle Ages were tough times when it came to disease and medicine. There were numerous types of sickness and disease that flooded Europe during the Middle Ages. Not helping the situation, the medicinal knowledge of the people of Europe of the time was not up to par. Some of the diseases and illness that were running rampant during these times were pneumonia, leprosy, and the plague. The middle ages were a time of great suffering and death because ofRead MoreMedicine During The Middle Ages1244 Words   |  5 PagesMedicine in the Middle Ages Many ancient civilizations, such as the Romans, Greeks, and Egyptians, pushed medical knowledge forward until the Middle Ages, when medical knowledge was believed to have slowed down. However, that is not the case. The Middle Ages were a time of change and improvement, they shaped the modern world. The Middle Ages revolutionized medical practices, physicians linked filth to the spread of disease, many practical diagnoses and treatments for common illnesses were discoveredRead MoreMedieval Medicine, Illogical and Superstition Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesThe middle Ages was a time action and great emotion. Almost all the European inhabitants became Christian, because of this, the church had a lot of control over the people. The church used the beliefs of the people to control them, collecting land and taxes and making laws. The Bubonic Plague spread to Europe, the plague killed about 75 million people of world died from one single cause. Many superstitions were created cause of th e Black Death, generate idea that were thought to prevent the plagueRead MoreMedieval Medicine. Life For People During The Medieval1329 Words   |  6 PagesMedieval Medicine Life for people during the Medieval Times, also known as the Dark Ages or middle ages, between 400 – 1450 was incredibly difficult due to disease and illnesses being spread throughout Europe. Medieval medicine during the time was easily misunderstood and generally mistreated. As a result, disease spread rapidly, deaths occur at outrageous numbers, and caused people to turn to various forms of medical help. To understand medieval medicine, we must first be able to look back atRead MoreHistory of Medicine1288 Words   |  6 Pagesmedicine in Middle Ages was certainly great, considering the extreme amounts of plague and disease prevalent during that time (Grigsby 2). Unfortunately, medical knowledge of that day was of very little help (Margotta 68). Physicians had no concept of disease causing bacteria or viruses. Unfortunately, it was thought in that day that illness was either due to old age, heredity, or immoderate living. Is was also believed that certain sins could af fect one s health (Grigsby 2). Medical practiceRead MoreHow Much Did Medicine and Treatment Progress (Change and Continuity) Between 1350 and 1750?1482 Words   |  6 Pagesmedicine there were many things that changed and some that stayed the same between 1350 and 1750. Initially I will be looking at medicine and treatment in the Ancient World as a prelude to its importance during the Renaissance period, and also the influence it may have had in the Middle Ages. During Ancient times, cure and prevention of illness and disease were not very well developed – people would blame their ill health on Gods, witches, demons or other supernatural causes. They had many theoriesRead MoreThe Many Aspects Of Medicine863 Words   |  4 Pagesif it is used in the wrong context, the person could subsequently die as a result. The term Medieval Magic is a collaboration of pre-existing ideas shared across cultures, as well as spiritual influence with a shamanistic attribute. Much of the knowledge that is used came from just before the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the texts that manage to survive made its way into the hands of doctors who would combine their intuition with that of those who came before. This was the turning point whereRead MoreTechnology and The Crusades1361 Words   |  6 Pagesone society due to its newly acquired resources or knowledge. If one were to look at the Crusades, and their original purpose, which was to assist Constan tinople and free the Holy Land from Muslim control, then one may make the conclusion that the Crusades failed. Although the Christians did not win over the Holy Land, Europe as a whole benefited greatly from the revival of East to West trade, and new inventions and innovations that arose during the time of the Crusades. Before the Crusades, theRead MoreMiddle School Nurse Observation Essay974 Words   |  4 Pages During many years the role of school nurse was traditionally viewed as one where the nurse cared for students that were injured, applied bandages and gave out ice bags. Throughout the years the role of the school nurse has evolved into one of leadership and management along with many other duties including traditional roles as mentioned above. The services provided by a school nurse range from assessment and screening to coordinating care for regular students as well as students with special needsRead MoreMadness Vs Madness967 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant too study as they help show the thoughts of others around the world including their traditions and conceptualizations. Using others options and ideas from other cultures or societies, this allows others to have a different viewpoint on the medical, societal, and cultural, and to aid in the creation of a â€Å"proper† definition of madness and where it truly lies within mental illness. 2. Madness is a concept that has been found throughout the course of time, dating back as early as the time of

What Are the Different Types of Pronouns

There are four types of pronouns: subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive pronouns, and demonstrative pronouns. Pronouns are one of the eight parts of speech. Pronouns take the place of a person, place, or thing in sentences once the context is understood. For example: Peter enjoys walking his dog in the park. He often walks three or more miles with him. In this case, the pronouns he in the second sentence replaces Peter, and the object him replaces his dog. Pronouns are used in all languages including English to simplify the language. English learners should learn the following types of pronouns, paying special attention to minor differences between each form.​ Subject Pronouns Subject Pronouns -  I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they function as the subject of a sentence: I live in New York.Do you like playing tennis?He doesnt want to come this evening.She works in London.It wont be easy.We are studying pronouns at the moment.You went to Paris last year, didnt you?They bought a new car last month. Object Pronouns Object Pronouns -  me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them serve as the object of a verb. Give me the book.He told you to come tonight.She asked him to help.They visited her when they came to New York.She bought it at the store.He picked us up at the airport.The teacher asked you to finish your homework.I invited them to a party. Possessive Pronouns   Possessive pronouns -  mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs show that something belongs to someone. Note that the possessive pronouns are similar to possessive adjectives (my, his, her). The difference is that the object follows the possessive adjective but does not follow the possessive pronoun. For example: That book is mine (possessive pronoun) vs. That is my book (possessive adjective). That house is mine.This is yours.Im sorry, thats his.Those books are hers.Those students are ours.Look over there, those seats are yours.Theirs will be green. Demonstrative Pronouns   Demonstrative pronouns -  this, that, these, those refer to things. This and these refer to something that is near. That and those refer to things that are farther away. This is my house.That is our car over there.These are my colleagues in this room.Those are beautiful flowers in the next field. Possessive Adjectives Possessive adjectives - my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their are often confused with possessive pronouns. The possessive adjective modifies the noun following it in order to show possession.   Ill get my books.Is that your car over there?That is his teacher, Mr. Jones.I want to go to her store.Its color is red.Can we bring our children?You are welcome to invite your families.They bought their children a lot of presents.

Techniques Used In Estimating The Age Architecture Essay Free Essays

Forensic anthropologists are experienced in the designation of human remains. One of the first inquiries to be asked upon the find of skeletal remains is are they of a human or animate being? Once the beginning of the castanetss has been established it so has to be determined as to whether the remains are of forensic or archeological birthplace. The customary clip he lapsed since decease should be less than 70 old ages if it is to be classed as a forensic instance. We will write a custom essay sample on Techniques Used In Estimating The Age Architecture Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is due to the fact that if the remains are discovered after 70 old ages it will be harder to convey an person to justness or a dependable informant being found. ( Scheuer 2002 ) The usage of Osteological stuff in a forensic instance is peculiarly utile during the designation procedure of disconnected or disarticulated remains. Age is merely one of the four chief biological properties used in the designation of skeletal remains. ( Zioupos et al 2004 ) . All must be considered independently ab initio before uniting or properties in order of obtaining possible designation. The four chief properties of biological individuality that most forensic anthropologists paper to find are age, sex, stature and cultural background. The truth of these depend chiefly on which a peculiar elements of the organic structure are present and besides the province of saving of the remains. The truth of designation besides varies harmonizing to whether the person is an grownup or a juvenile. The appraisal of age at decease of grownup skeletal remains is one of the more hard undertakings undertaken by physical anthropologists. ( Buckberry and Chamberlain 2002 ) Determining age at decease Age related alterations in the skeleton may reflect three different stages of the lifetime ; growing and development, stableness and aging. The first stage is represented by kids and immature grownups, who undergo alterations that proceed at a moderately predictable rate in a good documented form. Once growing has ceased at alterations in grownup forms even within a individual skeletons vary greatly and are more single and population particular. They are besides affected by factors such as wellness position business and nutrition. In add-on most of the methods used in grownup aging rely on methods developed from big archeological samples of all known sex and age. Aging in grownups can be carried out utilizing dentitions, sutura closing and the otic surface of the Ilium. Morphological alterations of the otic surfaces of the illium provide first-class age indexs for grownup remains. This surface undergoes regular progressive alterations from age 18 onwards. Using the criterion aging stage set out by Todd ( 1920 ) it is possible to determine an age scope of +- 10 old ages. Using the suturas of the skull it is besides possible to gauge age in grownups. This is done utilizing a marking system set out by Meindl and Lovejoy ( 1985 ) . These suturas fuse together at different times during life. Another method is utilizing the wear on dentitions ; chiefly it is easier to utilize the grinders. This is because one time the lasting dentitions have erupted they start to have on. These wear forms are caused when masticating and diet. Besides wear can be contributed to by crunching dentitions. These criterions are set out by Lovejoy ( 1985 ) besides give a scope of +- 10 old ages. There is besides another method for aging utilizing dentitions which is utilizing root transparence set out by Lamendin et Al ( 1992 ) . Yet once more because of the atomization of the castanetss it is non ever possible to age them. Aging juveniles is a little easier as juvenile castanetss fuse together at the epiphysis at different phases in growing and development. Besides in juveniles it is possible to age so utilizing the eruption of dentitions. The Auricular surface of the Troy Buckberry and Chamberlain ( 2002 ) based their methods of aging utilizing the Auricular surface of the Ilium on a method that was foremost set out by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) . This method was used to enter age related phases for different characteristics of the Auricular surface. Which are so combined to supply a composite mark from which an appraisal of age at decease is obtained. Lovejoy described eight modal age phases into which the Auricular surface could be placed utilizing these primary ripening characteristics. However the separate characteristics of the Auricular surface described by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) such as porousness, surface texture, and fringy alterations appear to develop independently of each other. The age of oncoming for each phase of the different characteristics of the Auricular surface appear to change, and as a effect the five twelvemonth age classs of Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) tend to overlap. Early appearance characteristics still present on the Auricular sur face of older persons were described by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) as â€Å" residuary † . The fact that this fluctuation that can happen within a individual regular surface indicates that this method oversimplifies the alterations seen, and that the five twelvemonth interval in assorted strategies of age appraisal may be optimistically to contract. This job and contributes to the trouble found when using this method as it leads to uncertainness and in some instances confusion in delegating single Auricular surfaces two a peculiar age phase. In position of these jobs Buckberry and Chamberlain ( 2002 ) revised the method set out by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) . Each characteristic of the Auricular surface was examined separately. This system will do it easier to use and suit the convergence are frequently seen between different phases. It utilised all the alterations seen in the Otic surface as used by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) . The method used by Buckberry and Chamberlain ( 2002 ) instead than being grouped together with all the characteristics into five twelvemonth modal age phases. The revised Auricular surface method of age appraisal allows for a more realistic reading of the alterations. Although the age estimations produced by this method are wider, this method is easier to use and may be more dependable than that of Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) . The pubic symphysis The pubic symphyses have importance in the field of forensic anthropology, as they can be used to gauge the age of grownup skeletons. Throughout life, the surfaces of the pubic symphysis are worn at a more or less predictable rate. By analyzing the wear of the pubic symphysis, it is possible to gauge the age of the individual at decease. Up to the age of 40 old ages the morphology of the ventral Demiface of the pubic symphysis undergoes a drawn-out period of age related alteration, and can hence be used in age appraisal utilizing component stage analysis ( Suchey 1979 ; Brooks and Suchey 1990 ) . The morphological characteristics on the symphyseal surface used in finding age of an person are ridges and furrows, dorsal border, ventral bevelling, lower appendage, ossific nodule, ventral bulwark, dorsal tableland and symphyseal rim ( Sinha and Gupta 1995 ) Juveniles Estimating the age in juveniles is a comparatively hard thing to make. Juvenile age is reliant on the epiphysial merger of the articulations ; the finding of the figure of erupted dentitions might lend to the appraisal of age at decease every bit good as to the designation process of unknown skeletons. During the development and growing the skeleton undergoes a sequence of alterations get downing with the formation and eruption of deciduous dentitions and their replacing with lasting teething this procedure is normally completed excepting the 3rd grinders by about the age of 12. Although the timing of this can change a small depending on sex, race, and wellness factors. Age at decease in juveniles can normally be estimated to within 1year if the appropriate criterions are used. Several methods of dental age appraisal in non-adults have been used: the Atlass method of Schour and Massler ( 1940 ) , the diagram of Gustafson and Koch ( 1974 ) . For the intent of this work the specific set by Ubelaker ( 1989 ) will be used. A new method for aging juveniles utilizing tooth eruption is a comprehensive grounds based Atlass which can be used to gauge age utilizing both tooth development and alveolar eruption for persons between 28 hebdomadsin utero up to 23 old ages ; the chief difference between this method and the method set out by Ubelaker ( 1989 ) is that it shows developmental ages without spreads or convergences AlQahtani et Al ( 2009 ) . Bibliography Demirjian A, Goldstein H. Tanner JM. ( 1973 ) A new system of dental age appraisal. Hum. Biol. 45 211-227 Lamendin H, Baccino E, Humbert JF, Tavernier JC, Nossintchouk RM, Zerilli A ( 1992 ) . A simple technique for age appraisal in grownup cadavers: The two standards dental method. Journal of forensic scientific disciplines 37:1973-1379 AlQahtani S J, H M Liversidge, M P Hector ( 2009 ) . Atlas of human toothdevelopment and eruption. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. ( In print ) . Sinha A, Gupta V. ( 1995 ) A survey on appraisal of age from pubic symphysis. Forensic Science International. 75:73-78 Buckberry J, Chamberlain A. ( 2002 ) . Age appraisal from the otic surface of the illium: A revised method. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 119:231-239 Todd TW. ( 1920 ) . Age alterations in the pubic bone I. The male white pubic bone. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 3:285-334 Lovejoy C, Meindl R, Pryzbeck T, Mensforth R. ( 1985 ) . Chronological metabolism of the otic surface of the illium: a new method for the finding of grownup skeletal age at decease. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 68:15-28 Scheuer L. ( 2002 ) . Application of Osteology to forensic medical specialty. Clinical Anatomy. 15:297-312 How to cite Techniques Used In Estimating The Age Architecture Essay, Essay examples

Fundamentals of Medication Error Research- Justify And Response

Question: Develop a process map about the prescription filling process for HMO's pharmacy, in which you specify the key problems that the HMO's pharmacy might be experiencing. Next, use the supplier, input, process steps, output, and customer (SIPOC) model to analyze the HMO pharmacy's business process. Analyze the process map and SIPOC model to identify possible main root causes of the problems. Next, categorize whether the main root causes of the problem are special causes or common causes. Provide a rationale for your response. Suggest the main tools that you would use and the data that you would collect in order to analyze the business process and correct the problem. Justify your response. Answer: The HMO Pharmacy is a very important part of medical and treatment system. The prescription filling process is the most integrated part of the system, where patient finally get their drugs prescribed to them, so that they can recover. Thus, any mistake that takes place in this process can lead to serious issues, and in some cases, even prove fatal for the serious patients. As we can see in the case study, when this scenario of errors in the prescription filling arises, legal measures are taken against the person responsible, and hence, is the issue with Juan de Pacotilla. The process of prescription filling involves a number of steps, in which, many a times, guesses and decisions are to be made. Hence, a minimum qualification is required for the person who takes up the job of prescription filling. The process involved in this system includes the following in sequence: The pharmacy first receives the order for prescription filling. If the order is for renewal, the pharmacy has to call the physician for approval of the renewal of prescription. If it is approved by the physician, the filing process is started. If it is not approved, the customer is advices to consult the physician for the same, and the prescription is returned. If the prescription is not for renewal, the process of filling is started. The Rx is entered into the system, which is generally a computer based software for HMO. The insurance information of the patient is then checked. The insurance plays an important role at this step, as if the insurance is valid, the customer is not directly charged for the filling of prescription. But if the insurance is not valid or not available, the patient is charged for the filling of prescription directly, which they can pay by various modes of payment like cash, card etc. After this step, the prescription is put into the queue for the filling of the prescription process. The pharmacist or the person who is responsible for the job, who might be the technician working there, checks and counts the number of pills or medicine, and put them aside for filling. When the Rx is filled by the pharmacist, the label for the medicine is prepared. The label includes the name of the patient, the date of filling of prescription, the name of the doctor, and possibly the expiration date of the medicine. There can be other information as well, like the name of the HMO, the name of the pharmacist filling up the prescription, the order number etc. The label is then printed and glued to the bottle of medicine which has been filled by the pharmacist. If the medicine has not been filled by the pharmacist, the Rx is then reviewed again for filling. The completed Rx and the bottle with the medicine is then placed in a basket which stores the completed orders. The medicine is ready for pickup at this stage. Before the actual delivery or pickup of the order, the customer ID is verified for the Rx, and the process is forwarded. The customer is then handed over the medicine which has been filled up. If the customer has any query or questions, it is entertained by the pharmacist. If the pharmacist is unable to resolve the query, it is forwarded to the pharmacy technician. The query is resolved, and the customer is asked to pay, if needed. If they have a standing insurance, the payment process is skipped. The process of filling the prescription, hence, ends here. The process has been explained in the form of a flowchart below: By analysing the process map for the process of filling up the prescription, we can see that there are few weak joints in the process, where problem can arise. There may be the cases when a fake prescription is received by the pharmacy for filling up. The verification in such a case becomes difficult, and many a times, the pharmacist is held responsible for the same. There can be incidents when the prescription is not clear due to handwriting of the doctor, and pharmacist may misunderstand the drug for some other medicine with similar name, and can cause health problems to the patients. The queries that are raised by the customers may also sometime be too deep to be in the scope of knowledge of a pharmacist to answer. The data can be analysed for number of incidents when a wrong Rx is filled up for the prescription by a pharmacist. The data can be correlated for the number of times this error occurs with the name of the doctor issuing the prescription. In this analysis, it can then be understood that there might be more number of incident with some particular doctor or doctors, who might have a habit of writing in non-understandable handwriting, more often. The data can also be analysed for some specific medicines prescribed, if number of problems arises then, and can be checked of some medicines are more prone to have been misread. (Allan and Barker, 1990) The problem of bad handwriting in the prescription which leads to error in the filling up of prescription process can be resolved if it is made a standard that all the prescriptions are to be computer typed and printed. If the prescription is typed, there would not be any issue of misreading the name of the medicine and the error would be avoided to a great extent. This would also end the blame game of every person involved in the system for the wrong handwriting. The prescription can also be made electronically available to the pharmacy, which would reduce the chances of fake and false prescriptions. Automatic prescription filling mechanism can also be implemented to resolve the issues. (Williams, Welin, Mathews, Towle Orrick, 1997) After implementation of the computer printed prescription, the data can then be collected for number of errors, and it can be analysed that who is at the actual fault here. The number of errors in filling up of the prescription would ideally reduce, and if not, the qualification standards of the pharmacists will have to be increased. References Williams, J. P., Welin, D., Mathews, R., Towle, A., Orrick, A. (1997). U.S. Patent No. 5,597,995. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Allan, E. L., Barker, K. N. (1990). Fundamentals of medication error research. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 47(3), 555-571.

Heart Of Darkness Essay Essays - Congo Free State, Heart Of Darkness

Heart of Darkness Essay Heart of Darkness Essay Though Conrad did not learn English until he was twenty-one, he still mastered the language and artfully uses it in Heart of Darkness. One sentence of his is particularly striking, as it sums up the views that he condemns throughout the novella. The accountant, one of the first imperialists Marlow meets, says to him, "When one has got to make correct entries, one comes to hate these savages?hate them to the death." This sentence is a perfect example of the typical imperialistic belief that Marlow denounces, and serves as a synecdoche for the entire work. One important characteristic of imperialistic belief is the impersonality that makes imperialism happen. The repetition of the word "one" is significant because it shows that detachment. The imperialists try to appease their consciences by making the natives less than human. Marlow and Kurtz are both exceptions to this ideal, but in contrasting ways. Kurtz uses fear to belittle the natives, but does not take away their humanity. Marlow, however, considers the natives to be humans and respects their work ethics and humanity. Both Kurtz and Marlow in fact find great relationships with natives: Kurtz with his African mistress, and Marlow with his helmsman, to whom he was "a devoted friend". This important difference in attitude between Marlow and Kurtz and the typical imperialist is an integral part of the novella. The phrase "hate them to the death" also shows the dehumanization of the native Africans. When looked at for its literal meaning, this clause suggests that until the natives die, there can be no emotion for them but hate. It is an easy ideal to follow, and makes the complete oppression more easily forgiven for the imperialists. Marlow, however, once again has a contrasting opinion. When he visits the black grove of death, he feels pity for the men who are no longer human enough to die in peace, but must remove themselves to a deserted place where they cannot be downtrodden. The accountant is merely disturbed by the presence of a dying man where he must make his "correct entries". This passage shows the businesslike nature of imperialism once again, as the numbers of the business are more important to the white men, excluding Marlow, than the humanity of it. This sentence serves as an embodiment of the imperialist theory as whole, which Conrad attacks, through Marlow, throughout the novella. Marlow wholeheartedly disagrees with the treatment of the natives, because he has a strong belief in the importance of work ethic and the sacredness of humanity, as shown by his sympathy for his helmsman, and also for Kurtz's Intended. The imperialists, such as the manager and the accountant, have only a fickle loyalty to what or whoever is the most profitable connection. Because of Marlow's belief in the native's humanity, the imperialists throughout the novella condemn him. Though this one sentence seems unimportant, in fact it is an integral part of the novel. Conrad is displaying a simple, easily understood theory that he then illustrates. Here, one of few times in the story, Conrad avoids clouding his belief and makes a thorough examination both plausible and, indeed, interesting. The accountant's statement epitomizes imperialistic beliefs which Conrad, in his sense of humanity, condemns.

Adventist Music Guidelines Essays

Adventist Music Guidelines Essays Adventist Music Guidelines Essay Adventist Music Guidelines Essay however, implies that the dead go through that bright shining celestial door to Heaven. Therefore, that song is theologically unsound in the context of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, no matter how poetic the text, or how lovely the melody. As mentioned earlier, the text is indeed more equal than the musical element. However, without the tune, the text could never have the impact that comes from being coupled with good music that adds a new dimension.25 Even though the musical part plays an important role in church music as a whole, the message of the text which should not be overpowered by accompanying elements must take precedence.26 This means that when the congregation sings they should not be excessively caught up with that catchy melody and/or rhythm; the singers should strive to sing out as clearly as possible, so that the text of the hymns or songs is very audible. Therefore, the hymns and songs should be sung in a clear, natural voice. It is not loud singing that is needed, but clear intonation, correct pronunciation, and distinct utterance, so that Gods praise can be sung in clear, soft tones, not with harshness and shrillness that offend the ear.27 Mrs. White mentions that The long drawn-out notes and peculiar soundsare not pleasing to the angel.The songs in which every word is uttered clearly, in a musical tone are the songs that [the angels] join us in singing.28 Singing clearly is not enough, though. The singing should also be done with conviction and understandingthe singers should know and believe what they are singing. God is glorified by songs of praise from a pure heart filled with love and devotion to Him.29 In other words, the singers must not sing for the sake of singing, but they should sing from the heart. Only then will the hymns and songs become worthy of glorifying God. And the nearer the people of God can approach to correct, harmonious singing, the more He is glorified.30 The vocal treatment of the songs and hymns is just as important as the performance of the music. This applies mostly to the special music part of the worship service, when the congregation listens to the music being performed up front. The music itself might glorify God, but so must the singers and/or instrumentalists in their performance. In fact, The nuance which the performer brings to the presentation of a particular piece is a most important contributor to its power as a communicative medium.31 The performers of music in the worship music must be careful not to let themselves be the stars, or get all the limelight. They should keep one thing straight: they are singing (or playing whatever instruments) for the Lord, not performing just to get the attention, praise, and admiration of the congregation. Therefore, they must bring across the right message that they are praising God in their music. It is very important that the right Person is exalted in the church: God, not man himse lf. Since God is the One being glorified, He deserves the attention. Therefore, anything which calls for undue attention to the performer(s) such as excessive, affected bodily movement or inappropriate dress, should find no place in witnessing.32 Also, there should be no theatricality and prideful display when the singers and/or instrumentalists perform. If they perform with the objective of impressing the congregation with their refined abilities, then they are in the wrong place33they should not be playing music in church. Most, if not all, the music guidelines in worship service also apply towards music in evangelism. The songs should contain texts which are compatible with the Biblical teachings and beliefs of the church; the songs should be sung clearly. One point has to be stressed in this context: the performersthe music evangelistsshould bear witness for Christ, not bring glory to themselves. However, one aspect unique to evangelism is the audience. In evangelism, the audience can be considered as the target group; after all, the audience in this case are the people to whom the gospel message is directed. Therefore, it is vitally important to consider the audience as a whole in the choice of music. Factors like the general age-groups and religious backgrounds should be examined. The point is to identify the audience. Evangelism is like a bridge in some ways. The Christians are reaching out to the believers with the gospel message. Therefore, in evangelism the appropriate music is like an effective bridge, because the music then becomes a proper evangelistic tool. However, no matter who the audience is, the music must be honest and sincere. It must bemusic which rings true to itself. There must be no falseness and pretense about it.34 Simply said, the music must tell of the gospel message in a clear, unambiguous way. In this section about evangelism, the focus will be on youth as the audience. In youth evangelism, evangelists have chosen certain musical idioms which the youth can relate to. One of these musical idioms is rhythm, or better known as the beat. Most musical scholars agree that music is a combination of three things: melody, harmony, and rhythm. To be complete, the music needs to keep in equilibrium all the three components; for example, the beat should not dominate to the extent of overpowering the tune and the lyrics of the song.35 Therefore, in the use of youth-related musical idioms like the strong sense of beat, there must be a balance between the main tune of the song and its other componentsrhythm and harmony. It is not wrong to use carefully selected contemporary music in evangelism, agrees Mr. Staples, a missionary, as long as the music does not bear too much resemblance to secular musiccomplete with the overtones of violence, drugs, and sex.36 However, whatever the music chosen for evangelism, the guidelines must still apply, because The desire to reachyouth where they are with the gospel of Christ leads to the use of certain questionable musical idioms.37 These questionable musical idioms should be carefully examined with the music guidelines to church music as the standards. As a matter of fact, Mrs. White had something prophetic to say back in l900 when she heard certain kinds of music to which she was against. She wrote: Every uncouth thing will be demonstrated. There will be shouting, with drums, music, and dancing. The sense of rational beings will become so confused that they cannot be trusted to make right decisions. And this is called the moving of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit never reveals itself in such methods, in such a bedlam of noise.38 Even though it is fine to use selected contemporary music elements, the music evangelists must be careful not be overly occupied in the music as to the extent of breaking the rules (i.e. guidelines) in the effort to evangelize. In youth evangelism, there should be no compromise of standards, in particular, the standards of church music. Never compromise high principles of dignity and excellence in efforts to reach people where they are.39 In their evangelistic efforts the evangelists are not follow the ways of the world.40 Mrs. White said that instead of bringing the truth to a low level in order to obtain converts, they should seek to bring the sinful corrupted up to the high standard of the law of God.41 Music has been around for ages. It has also been used in the church for a good period of time; and in more ways than one, it has been (and no doubt will be) an important part of the church. However, times have been (and still are) changing, therefore the context and circumstances of church music have not remained stagnant. But the important thing to remember is that the guidelines must be kept in sight so that the ultimate goal of the Christian of glorifying and praising God is not blurred through the years. Since music is a medium in which the blending of the best and the worst can be done more subtly than through any other media form,42 the christians will have to be extra careful in the selection of music for church use. In conclusion, Dr. Lickey, a church musician, has this to say about judging the music for church use: Responsible Christians would not seek to see how close to the edge of purity they could get but would rather turn their backs to the world.43

Audit Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Audit Report - Research Paper Example Table 4 Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Jewry Inn 2.1 2.4 3.91 4.68 5.75 6.3 5. The turnover index relatives of the three hotels for a base year of 2006, computed using Excel (rounded to whole numbers) are given below: Table 5 Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Moorchester 66 73 83 102 99 100 The Frilton 51 56 67 82 90 100 Jewry Inn (index) 33 38 62 74 91 100 6. (a) Absolute and relative changes in the three turnover indices between 2001 and 2006 (round to whole numbers) are shown below. Table 6 - Absolute Growth in Turnover (Base year 2006) Hotel / Period 2001 - 02 2002 - 03 2003 - 04 2004 - 05 2005 - 06 Moorchester 11 10 19 -3 01 The Frilton 10 11 15 8 10 Jewry Inn 15 24 12 17 09 Table 7 - Relative Growth in Turnover (Base year 2006) Hotel / Period 2001 - 02 2002 - 03 2003 - 04 2004 - 05 2005 - 06 Moorchester 11 14 23 - 03 01 The Frilton 10 20 22 10 11 Jewry Inn 15 63 19 23 10 (b) Interpretation of results: (i) Moorchester: It had almost equal absolute growth during 2001 - 02 and 2002 - 03 but had a sudden rise during 2003 - 04. It had a steep fall during 2004 - 05. Then it had an insignificant growth during 2005 - 06. So far as relative growth is concerned, it had uniform rise in growth during three consecutive years 2001 - 02, 2002 - 03 and 2003 - 04. It had a major setback during 2004 - 05 and an insignificant growth during 2005 - 06. (ii) The Frilton: Its absolute growth during 2001 - 02 and 2002 - 03 were almost equal. Then it had an appreciable rise during 2003 - 04 but had much lower growth during 2004 - 05. During 2005 - 06 it had marginal growth. In terms of relative growth, it had an upward trend during 2001 - 02, 2002 - 03 and 2003 - 04. But the relative... (i) Moorchester: It had almost equal absolute growth during 2001 - 02 and 2002 - 03 but had a sudden rise during 2003 - 04. It had a steep fall during 2004 - 05. Then it had an insignificant growth during 2005 - 06. So far as relative growth is concerned, it had uniform rise in growth during three consecutive years 2001 - 02, 2002 - 03 and 2003 - 04. It had a major setback during 2004 - 05 and an insignificant growth during 2005 - 06. (ii) The Frilton: Its absolute growth during 2001 - 02 and 2002 - 03 were almost equal. Then it had an appreciable rise during 2003 - 04 but had much lower growth during 2004 - 05. During 2005 - 06 it had marginal growth. In terms of relative growth, it had an upward trend during 2001 - 02, 2002 - 03 and 2003 - 04. But the relative growth was reduced to half during 2004 - 05. However it maintained almost equal growth during 2005 - 06. (iii) Jewry Inn: The picture taking 2006 as base year is altogether different than that with 2001 as base year. In absolute growth it had up and down in alternate years during entire period of evaluation 2001 - 02 to 2005 - 06. The Laspeyre Index indicates that had the number of employees remained the same there would h

Corporate crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate crime - Essay Example Most media are operating in a competitive business environment, and they constantly have to balance a need for authenticity and fact with a strong pressure to provide commercially attractive copy which tempts the reader to buy newspapers or tune in to radio television and web outputs. This paper examines the way that corporate harm is reported in the media, and asks who decides which stories are worth reporting, who provides the information which forms the basis of that reporting, and what effect the media have on public perceptions of corporate crimes. Media â€Å"framing†: who decides which crimes are reported in the media? It is generally recognised that although violent crime is relatively rare compared to other kinds of crime, it nevertheless dominates the media. A recent Australian study demonstrated that the general public has a tendency to overestimate the incidence of violence and underestimate other kinds (Indermaur and Roberts: 2005, p. 143) This observation was fou nd to be the result partly of individual experience of crime, in high crime areas at least, but also to do with the way that people utilize different kinds of media sources. Local news, for example, is a source of information for most working class people, while more educated people tend to read highbrow newspapers or internet news for their information on crime. It seems that people choose to view media which echo their own views of crime, and this creates a growing tendency to focus on sensationalism and crime, rather than a more balanced and accurate range of offences. Similar results were found in an earlier American study of police, newspaper, television and public images of crime trends for the seven FBI index crimes in the United concludes that people are increasingly dependent on television, rather than newspapers, and that the condensed timescale of television news bulletins results in distortion: â€Å"Hence, there is an emphasis on soft (scheduled) news – the huma n interest story – rather than on hard news – crime events †¦ Therefore, there is a focus on homicides, fires and accidents.† (Sheley and Ashkins: 2009, p. 494) Corporate crime is rarely reported in local television and newspaper media, and it is likely that these media lack the resources to pursue major investigations, and these crimes are in any case deemed to be less newsworthy in culture that is seeking attention-grabbing drama rather than sober analysis. Some British analysis goes further than this and claims that there is an orchestrated effort going on to make sure that individuals who commit violent crime are more often reported than companies and their managers who commit white collar crime including all sorts of quite serious failings which can even result in death and injury to many people. Tombs and Whyte (2007: p. observe that corporate safety crimes are largely â€Å"invisible†, partly because they are not widely reported, but partly als o because governments and commentators so often redefine corporate safety crimes as â€Å"infringements† and many statistics do not formally record the deaths and injuries that occur in an occupational context as crimes. The vocabulary used to comment on this area of criminal activity reveals a downplaying of responsibility and a reference instead to â€Å"accidents†, which implies that no-one is to blame: â€Å"

Advancing Nursing Practice Current Role and Personal Learning

Advancing Nursing Practice Current Role and Personal Learning The idea of Advanced Nursing Practice (ANP) is reported to have commenced in the USA in the early parts of the 20th century (Mantzoukas, 2006) and its development has been well recorded in the literature (Ketefian, Redman, Hanucharurnkul, Masterson Neves, 2001; Furlong Smith, 2005). But lack of clear definitions for the concept, its scope of practice and standards has resulted in a great diversity in practice (Woods, 1999; Pearson Peels, 2002; Daly and Carnwell, 2003). Furlong and Smith (2005) identifies that several attempts have been made to conceptualise advanced nursing practice. This has resulted in some consensus on the core concepts that underpin ANP such as clinical autonomy, professional and clinical leadership, research capabilities, application of theory and research to practice and graduate level education requirement (Ketefian et al., 2001; Furlong Smith, 2005; Mantzoukas, 2006). Knowledge level, skill level and population of response model developed by Calkin (1984) and from novice to expert model by Benner (1984) are some of the models that were developed but none of these analysed contextual influences on advanced nursing practice. Manley (1997) developed a conceptual framework that describes four integrated sub roles (expert practitioner, educator, researcher and consultant); necessary skills and processes as well as contextual prerequisites for the advanced nurse practitioner to achieve outcomes strove for. This framework was developed from a model by Hamric (1989) and shares similarities in the four sub roles, some skills and processes. However, the framework by Manley (1997) establishes a relationship between the ANP role, its context and its outcomes, giving it an advantage over the models of Calkin, Benner and Hamric. It is worth stating, at this point, that the term ANP is not for a single role but for different advanced nursing roles such as nurse practitioners, certified nurse midwives, nurse anaesthetists and clinical nurse specialists (Ketefian et al., 2001) I have worked for one year as a general nurse (Nursing Officer rank) after completing my four-year nursing training in Ghana. My responsibilities include ensuring adequate nutrition and elimination, administering medication and reporting on patients response, allocating task based on skill of staff, supervising staff and students in the ward, and participating in ward rounds (GHS, 2005). Henry (2007) states that Ghanaian nurses have automatic promotion after every five years of service until they reach the rank of Principal Nursing Officer. It seems that this is changing. My experience is that, recently, higher education certificate as well as evidence of continuous professional and personal development is a requirement for certain roles in the nursing profession. Moreover, research, leadership and application of theory to practice are some of the advanced nursing skills that are not well developed in my current role. I have, therefore, enrolled in the MSc. Advanced Nursing course to develop these skills to advance my nursing practice. It appears that the four advanced nursing roles described by Ketefian et al. (2001) are present in Ghana, although the term ANP is not used. East and Arudo (2009) identifies that due to shortage of health personnel, nurses in sub-Saharan Africa perform certain roles and tasks that would be classified, in other countries, as advanced practice. Ghanaian nurses in these roles have some degree of clinical autonomy, especially in the district hospitals, but not necessarily a graduate level education. Instead, a post-basic diploma is required for some of them (nurse anaesthetist and clinical nurse specialist roles). Until recently, post-basic diploma was the qualification for medical assistants (similar to nurse practitioner role). Thus, ANP roles in Ghana developed as a result of shortage of health personnel and the health needs of the population. However, the roles are different from those in the UK and USA in areas such as research, professional and clinical leadership, academic qualifi cation, and clinical autonomy. Therefore, with the ANP conceptual framework of Manley (1997) as the focus, I hope to achieve the following objectives in advancing my practice: Develop a teaching package to slow progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with diabetes Advance myself as a nurse educator and the other sub roles identified by Manley (1997) Develop leadership and effective change management skills Contribute to the professional development of my colleagues. The Project: Introduction and Rationale for Selection In advancing my nursing practice, my focus for this project is to develop a teaching package to slow progression of chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes. Other patients at risk of developing kidney failure, including those with hypertension would also benefit from this project. The package would, also, be used among patients with stages 1 4 chronic kidney disease. In the final year of my nursing training, I had to submit a care study to the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Ghana. The patient I worked with had been diagnosed with type II diabetes. The care study required that I participate in the active management of the patient and present a report on that, as well as a literature review on the condition. I reflect on the entire process now and I realise that complications of diabetes were just mentioned to the patient, with no adequate information on how they can be prevented. This project is, therefore, anticipated to create awareness of chronic kidney disease as a major complication among patients with diabetes in Ghana and how to delay its progression, if not avoid it. My primary focus would be to develop a strategy that would reach out to all patients, including those with low literacy skills. This would advance the nursing care and health education given to such patients, thereby, delaying the need for dialysis (Thomas et al., 2008). Literature Review WHO (2002:11) defines chronic conditions as health problems that require ongoing management over a period of years or decades and has labelled them as the biggest challenge faced by the health sector in the 21st century. While the economic cost of managing chronic diseases is high, Suhrcke, Fahey McKee (2008) identify some strong economic arguments that may be made in support of the need for societies to invest in their (chronic diseases) management. They identify some primary benefits such as improved health (in terms of patients quantity and quality of life in years), long-term cost savings from complications avoided and workplace productivity experienced by patients and their employers. Nevertheless, preventing their occurrence is central in the general management of chronic conditions (Nolte McKee, 2008) and this is a responsibility for all, including governments, private sectors, healthcare systems and individuals (Novotny, 2008). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is becoming a global pandemic (Mahon, 2006; Chen, Scott, Mattern, Mohini Nissenson, 2006; Clements Ashurst, 2006). The disease causes gradual decline in kidney function (Silvestri, 2002). It has been categorised into 5 stages according to the glomerular filtration rates (Johnson Usherwood, 2005) and the progression through these stages is influenced by several processes, mostly lifestyle-related (Riegersperger Sunder-Plassmann, 2007). Management of stage 5 (end stage) is either by dialysis or kidney transplant (Johnson Usherwood, 2005, Chen et al., 2006). Patients with CKD stages 4 and 5 experience other complications such as anaemia and metabolic acidosis that must, also, be managed efficiently (Silvestri, 2002; Murphy, Jenkins, McCann Sedgewick, 2008). This, in addition to dialysis, accounts for the reported higher costs of managing CKD (Gonzalez-Perez, Vale, Stearns, Wordsworth, 2005; Kaitelidou, Ziroyanis, Maniadakis, Liaropoulos, 2005). Presently, more than 23,000 adults in the UK undergo dialysis treatment as a result of kidney failure and this number is expected to increase yearly (World Kidney Day, 2009). Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (Ghana) recorded 558 cases of CKD between January 2006 and July 2008 in the country (All Africa, 2009) and this may represent less than 30% of the total disease burden as the hospital serves a few regions in the country. Several studies have identified diabetes mellitus and hypertension as the major causes of CKD (Clements Ashurst, 2006; Rosenberg, Kalda, KasiuleviÄ ius Lember, 2008; Marchant, 2008; Stropp, 2008; Thomas, Bryar, Mankanjuola, 2008; Ulrich, 2009). Amoah, Owusu and Adjei (2002) report of little, but outdated, statistics on the prevalence of diabetes in Ghana. Another report is on the assumption that diabetes is uncommon in Ghana (ibid.). However, it appears that my clinical experience at KATH alone suggests otherwise to the latter. Amoah et al. (2002), again, report that data on diabetes in Ghana is unreliable and this is confirmed by incongruent data observed in the literature. For example, Abubakari and Bhopal (2008) report that prevalence of diabetes in Ghanaian adults (25years and above) was 6.3% in 1998 while the Ministry of Health, Ghana (2001 cited by Aikins, 2004) estimates diabetes in 4% of Ghanaians between 15 to 70 years. Notwithstanding, Aikins (2004) reports of incr ease in the prevalence rates of chronic illnesses in the country, and diabetes is no exception. Primary care management delays nephropathy and other complications of diabetes (Thomas et al., 2008). They add that there could be a lot of potential savings if the need for dialysis can be delayed, even if for a short period for a few patients. Since prevention reduces healthcare costs (Booth, Gordon, Carlson Hamilton, 2000), Ghana, not being a rich country (CIA, 2008) stands to benefit from such an approach. Chen et al. (2006), also, identify that delaying the progression of CKD improves clinical outcomes and moderates costs. Strategies to delay progression include good glycaemic control, blood pressure control, smoking cessation and other lifestyle modification (Nicholls, 2005; Clements Ashurst, 2006; Rosenberg et al., 2008). Patients knowledge on these factors may lead to a change in behaviour which, in turn, would yield positive outcomes in the management of their conditions. Health education is one of such strategies to achieve positive outcomes and prevent complications, especially if the method used is appropriate for the age group as well as their cultural background (Funnell et al., 2008). It is often used interchangeably with health promotion in the nursing literature and criticisms have been made on that (Whitehead). The argument has been that health promotion has shifted from preventing specific diseases or detecting risk groups towards health and well being of whole populations (Naidoo Will, 2000). Hitherto, health education remains central to health promotion (Whitehead, 2), and, because of the dominance of the medical model, health promotion is mostly equated to prevention of disease, through primary, secondary or tertiary prevention in clinical settings (Naidoo Wills, 2000). Secondary and tertiary prevention interventions prevent complications such as chronic nephropathy development in patients with diabetes and health education is one of such interventions (Rosenberg et al., 2008; Naidoo Wills, 2008). Diabetes is, predominantly, self-managed (Collins et al., 1994; Funnell Anderson, 2002), making education very necessary as it empowers the patients to take charge of their health behaviour and other factors that influence their health status (Piper, 2009). Whitehead (1) adds that health education focuses on lifestyle-related and behavioural change processes, making it an integral part of comprehensive diabetes care (type II education). The above implies that when patients with diabetes receive health education, it enhances their ability to collaborate with the effective management of the disease and, consequently, avoid its complications. However, very little knowledge on CKD as well as misunderstandings of illness and treatment has been reported (Jain, 2008; Holstrà ¶m Rosenqvist, 2005). Patients may not appreciate the role that lifestyle modification, in addition to pharmacological interventions, can play in effective management of diabetes. Since diabetes, usually, do not present any physical symptoms, patients tend to distance themselves from it and, as a result, ignore the education being provided because they do not feel ill (Holstrà ¶m Rosenqvist, 2005). Complexity of self-management of diabetes may also be a major contributor to the reported misunderstandings (Szromba, 2009). The primary concern then becomes who should educate these patients and what strategies should be used to achieve positive outcome s? Making time to educate patients and their families on everything that they need to know is seldom easy because of the busy schedules of nurses in the ward (Rankin Stallings, 2001). Yet, Hamric (1989) and Manley (1997) have documented the integration of health education into the roles of advanced nurse practitioners and Rankin Stallings (2001) have attested to this. Advanced nurse practitioners are able to draw on their knowledge and skills related to higher education as well as their expertise from practice to achieve positive outcomes in the clinical settings (Manley, 1997). Szromba (2009) suggests that alternative methods to the traditional lecture method of health education should be utilized to enhance self-care. Babcock and Miller (1994) suggest that discussion, demonstration, modelling, group activities and role playing are other teaching strategies that the health educator can employ. However, they add that consideration should be given to the strategy that best fits the obj ectives, content, the clients, the health educator and the reality of the learning situation. This underscores the importance of client needs assessment in health education. Literacy skills of the clients should, also, be taken into consideration during health education. This project is to be implemented in Ghana and WHO (2009) estimates an adult illiteracy rate of about 35% of the total population. The use of written materials may be a difficulty in such settings, especially as the literates may not understand the jargons used in health very well. Therefore, the health educator should ensure that materials are simplified so readers do not have difficulties in understanding the content. Rankin Stallings (2001) suggest that health educators should, therefore, focus information on the core of knowledge and skills that clients need to survive and cope with problems, teach the smallest amount possible, make points vivid, present information sequentially and allow patients to restate and demonstrate what has been learnt. They also suggest the strategic use of educational media such as flipcharts, photographs, drawings and videotapes to enhance understanding. Aims and Anticipated Outcome The primary focus of this project is to develop a teaching strategy to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes in Ghana. Consideration would be given to strategies that would reach out to and promote understanding among patients with low literacy skills. It is anticipated that when patients have enough information on their disease condition, they would collaborate with the healthcare team in the management of the condition. I hope to enhance my knowledge on the management of chronic kidney disease and my role as a nurse educator. This experience would, also, be transferred to my colleagues in Ghana and lead to general improvement in the management of chronic kidney disease in the hospital. This collaboration would, therefore, reduce complications of the disease and enhance patients quality of life. As has been identified by Thomas et al. (2008), when complications such as kidney failure and the need for dialysis is delayed for a short period among few patients, a lot of financial savings is made. Therefore, in addition to providing quality care for patients and enhancing their quality of life, this project would reduce the cost of managing complications of diabetes and chronic kidney disease in Ghana. The Professional and Organizational Context Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) is the second largest teaching hospital in Ghana, training many doctors, nurses and other paramedics in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It is an autonomous service delivery agent under the Ministry of Health of Ghana (MOH, 2009a). In addition to training many of the health personnel in the Ashanti Region at KATH, many people within and outside the Ashanti Region seek healthcare there. As a result, provision of quality healthcare has always been the focus. An organisation that recognises the need for change, weighs costs and benefits, and plans for the change when the benefits outweigh the costs is ready for a change (Dalton Gottlieb, 2003). KATH is, therefore, ready for change because some of its employees are sent overseas or to other parts of the country, whenever there is the need for a new skill or knowledge to be gained, to bring about a positive change within the institution. This may be a factor that would facilitate my agenda to implement s ome changes within the institution upon my return to Ghana. However, Ghana, as a country is underdeveloped (CIA, 2008). Therefore, financial support, many a time, becomes a difficulty. Another challenge may be the fewer nursing staff. The Ministry of Health (2009b) estimates that there was a nurse-to-population ratio of 1:2024 in Ashanti Region and 1:1451 for the entire country in year 2007 while the WHO estimates that there are 9 nurses/midwives per 10,000 of the Ghanaian population (WHO, 2009xxxxx). Nevertheless, the desire to provide quality patient care and reduce healthcare costs, and dedication from the health personnel are factors that would supersede the anticipated obstacles to the implementation of this project.

Born worker †Raymond Run Character Essay

Born Worker is a short story that talks about a young man his name is Jose . Jose and his cousin Arnie came from different backgrounds . Jose was born to work . one day Arnie came to Jose and told him we must work together we must open a business doing odd jobs for people but what happens that Jose does all the work and Arnie just sit around . One day they were called to clean a pool for an old man his name is Mr.clemens as usual Arnie sit and Jose does all the work .But when the old man falls into the pool and cracks his head open Jose stays with him ( even thought Arnie wanted to ran away so he wouldn’t get into trouble). After what happened with Jose he realizes that he care about helping people unlike his cousin he cares about repetition . while also Raymond Run is a short story that talks about a girl named squeaky and a boy named Raymond squeaky is Raymond younger sister, squeaky is responsible to take care of he younger brother Raymond . Squeaky like running she run in lots of events and she always win . squeaky hates gretchel while also gretchel was her competitor, on the day of the race squeaky wins the race but she realizes that she can do many things other than racing . There are some differences and similarities between both stories, Born Worker and Raymond Run . The language in both stories were in the colloquial ( language is spoken day to day ) it was in colloquial so it can help the reader visualize squeaky as an African American girl and her attitude that was not acceptable for some people in Raymond Run story . While also in Born worker story the language was in colloquial so the reader can imagine the poor guy Jose and his miserable life , and how kind he is because he always care to do right thing unlike his cousin Arnie he cares about reputation . usually colloquial language are used in both stories so it make the characters seem real and make the story more to real life . The theme in the both stories were different in Raymond Run story the theme was don’t under estimate other so in â€Å"Raymond Run† story squeaky thought that Raymond cant run and he’s a special need but then she realizes that he can run so don’t underestimate others and in Born worker the theme was Responsibility and human obligation so in â€Å"Born Worker â€Å"story Jose was responsible of his family and he went work so he can get some money because he is in a poor class while also the theme in Born worker story was human obligation because Jose help Mr.clemens when he falls in the pool and his head cracked. In a conclusion I want to say that I learned many things from those two stories I learned to be responsible and we must not judge the book by its cover and I liked those stories because they make me learn new things and the make me more aware how people live and how people can do anything just to get money .

Medical advancements in World War Two Essay

World War II brought death and destruction upon the world. On the other hand, it also opened doors for pioneering developments that commonly occur during such situations of high adversity. Some of the most important advancements took place in the field of medicine when the world was embroiled in World War II. As Dr. Ralph Major states, â€Å"An army is a vast laboratory of medical research where disease and injuries are seen on a far larger scale than in peacetime. Many improvements in the treatment of infections have come from experiences on the battlefield† (Major 52). Devastation in the war left countless soldiers and civilians with life threatening injuries and diseases. This devastation and destruction, led to the innovation of the three most important medicines in history namely Penicillin, Blood plasma and Sulfanilamide. These three innovations in the field of medicine helped save thousands of soldiers in World War II and are considered to be the most important medical advancements in the war. â€Å"Penicillin fought for the soldier as bravely as the soldier fought for his country† (www.lib.niu.edu). Out of the three innovations in medicine during World War II, penicillin undoubtedly was the most important. Penicillin was invented by Dr. Alexander Fleming in 1928 and was crucial in saving lives of soldiers on D-Day where stockpiles of penicillin were gathered in depots of England and were on hand in time for the Allied invasion of Germany (Rowland 32) . Operation Overload was the pivotal point of World War II because that was when the Allies took the offensive and attacked the German stronghold of Normandy Beach. It was estimated that 3000 lives were saved on that day with the use of Penicillin and by the time the war ended that number turned out to be over two million (www.historylearningsite.co.uk). These figures clearly show how useful penicillin was during the period of the war. Penicillin however was first seen in action in the Battle of Britain where air raids by the Luftwaffe left many civilians and soldiers wounded and the doctors needed more effective ways to treat burns (www.lib.niu.edu). Penicillin was needed in large numbers as it was the only way Britain could save their soldiers and civilians. Penicillin was also the first broad spectrum antibiotic ever created. It was first broad spectrum antibiotic because it cured various diseases such as: â€Å"hemolytic, streptococcus, gonorrhea, syphilis and it was a wonderful antibiotic for wounds and burns†Ã‚  (www.historystudycenter.com). All these diseases could be cured with the use of penicillin and displays how penicillin outnumbered any other medical advancement during World War II in the number of diseases it cured. Soldiers also felt more confident having penicillin in their pockets as they knew that no disease could affect them as long as they had penicillin. This passionate bond could be observed through posters from World War II saying â€Å"Thanks to Penicillin†¦He Will Come Home!!† which was used as propaganda in an attempt to diminish the fear of going to war on the home front (www.mcatmaster.com). Penicillin had motivated civilians to get involved in the war effort and was rightly called the war’s ‘wonder drug’ (www.abc.net/au). Penicillin had motivated the medical industry to expand and an accidental discovery more than sixty years ago in the laboratory of Alexander Fleming helped save countless lives during World War II. Blood Plasma was also an important medical advancement during World War II as when war was raged in Europe, blood was needed for the wounded troops and plasma was used to transfer blood to the wounded soldiers. It was invented by Dr. Charles Drew in 1938; he discovered it by separating the plasma from the whole blood and then refrigerating them separately (home.att.net/steinert.htm). They could then be combined up to a week later for a blood transfusion (www.history.amedd/army). Blood plasma could replace whole blood and this discovery played a major role in World War II where many countries experienced extreme casualties with a lot of bleeding, resulting in the huge losses of blood. Plasma was used to transfer blood as it served to keep satisfactory blood pressure and supply critical proteins and globulins (antibodies) to the wounded soldiers (www.usaaf.net/wwii). There were many uses of Plasma on the battlefield and on the whole, it helped keep a proper balance in the body which ma kes it one of the best innovations in medical history. The pressing demand for blood on the battlefields led to Britain organizing the International Transfusion Association in 1940 which collected blood (people donated blood) and turned it into blood plasma. This program collected, processed and transported 14,500 units of plasma to the allied armies and it was all done within five months (home.att.net/wwii.htm). Dr. Drew was an important member of the group and his scientific research helped revolutionize blood plasma  transfusion so that blood plasma could readily be given to wounded soldiers on the battlefield, which dramatically improved opportunities to save lives. Blood plasma could also be dried which made it very easy to transport, pack, store and the soldiers could also carry it around in their pockets (www.history.amedd/army). As mentioned in the ‘United States office of war’ newsreel â€Å"Soldiers in Normandy got the best medical care science could offer and plasma cheated death in cases of many soldiers† (www.concise.britannica.com). Soldiers received the most modern medical treatments on D-day in Normandy beach and blood transfusion of soldiers was sometimes done just behind the fighting army lines. Planes carried almost a ton of Plasma on that day to the beach which helped save approximately 900 soldiers (www.concise.britannica.com). All these miracles had been performed by blood plasma during WWII which offered the victims of war a glimmer of hope and saved massive amounts of people at Normandy Beach, truly making it a panacea that improved several aspects of life. â€Å"The Nazis discovered it. The allies won the war with it†¦This incredible discovery was Sulpha† (www.asm.org). Sulpha drugs or Sulfanilamide greatly affected the mortality rates during World War II, especially for the Allies and helped save thousands of soldiers and many important people. One of them was Winston Churchill who was the British premier in 1943. He had caught a fatal disease called contracted pneumonia and was on the verge of death. His physician had to give him M + B 693 sulfanamide to cure him and â€Å"there is little doubt that the novel Sulfa drug defeated the pneumonia and probably saved his life† (www.asm.org). His recovery was very important to the Allies as that was the time they were making plans for D-Day in which Britain had a major role. Approximately 140,000 allied soldiers carried a package of Sulfa powder (Sulfanilamide) on D-Day in their medical pouches and they were also taught how to immediately sprinkle sulfa powder on any open wound to prevent infection (elibrary.bigchalk.com). This evidence illustrates how important sulfanilamide was to every soldier in the war and all the countries were quick to realize its importance. At an outbreak of Meningitis in the French Foreign Legion in Nigeria, while sulfanilamide was available, there was an eleven percent mortality rate. But after the supply was exhausted, mortality climbed up to seventy five percent (Margotta 58). The mortality rates in  World War II would have been much higher if it were not for sulfanilamide and this incident is a clear depiction of what would have happened. In the United States in the early thirty’s, about hundred thousand people died annually of pneumonia, blood poisoning and cerebrospinal meningitis. Gonorrhea had afflicted some twelve million Americans which became a serious issue for the United States government (www.pubs.acs/org). These numbers however, decreased dramatically by the early 1940’s and much of the credit goes to Gerhard Domagk and his team of chemists who developed the very first sulfa drugs that could treat the diseases (mentioned earlier) and also opened up the door to modern medicines (www.pubs.acs/org). Sulfa drugs preceded penicillin by almost ten years as they first developed in 1932, so â€Å"they carried the main therapeutic burden in both military and civilian medicine during the war† (elibrary.bigchalk.com). They also proved extraordinarily fruitful as starting points for new drugs or classes of drugs, both for bacterial infections and for a number of important non-infectious diseases. The initial breakthrough in the 1930’s of sulfa drugs research is the stem today in the current search for the effective treatments for AIDS making it a truly revolutionary antibiotic. So, therefore Penicillin, Blood Plasma and Sulfanilamide were considered the most important medical innovations during World War II because of the tremendous impact they had in the war and the countless number of lives they saved. All of the medical advancements in World War Two went on to benefit society after the war had ended. Whether such developments would have occurred at the same pace in peace time will never be known. But the one very interesting thing here is that, medical advancements take place at such a rapid pace mainly because of a major war and the problem of the great number of casualties due to a major war is solved by medicine. Therefore, war and medicine are fatal partners and are very closely related but are not the same thing, as war causes the problems and medicine solves them. Citations/ ReferencesBooksMargotta, Roberto. History of Medicine. Britain: Hamlyn, 1996. Major, Ralph Hermon. Fatal Partners: War and disease. 3rd. London: Doran &Company, 1941. Rowland, John. The Penicillin Man: The story of Alexander Fleming. EightImpression. London: Lutherworth Press, 1969. WebsitesDixon, Bernard. â€Å"Sulfa’s True Signicance.† 11 Nov 2006. 26 May 2007. Kiefer, David. â€Å"Miracle Medicines.† Today’s Chemist at Work. AmericanChemical Society. 26 May 2007. Kendrick, Douglas. â€Å"Plasma equipment and Packaging.† Medical department U.SArmy. 06 June 2006. 26 May 2007. Mailer, John. â€Å"Penicillin: Medicine’s Wartime.† Illinois Periodicals Online atNorthern Illinois University. Illinois Periodicals Online. 26 May 2007. Nanney, James. â€Å"Aeromedical Evacuation.† The U.S army Air Force In WWII. 26 May 2007. Steinert, David. â€Å"The History of WWII medicine.† World War II: Combat Medic. 04 May 2002. 26 May 2007. Torok, Dr. Simon. â€Å"Maker of the Miracle Mould.† Howard Florey: The story. 26 May 2007. Trueman, Chris. â€Å"Medicine and World War Two.† WWII. 26 May 2007. DatabasesRoff, Sue. â€Å"The Technology of healing: A century of Medicne.† History StudyCenter. 2003. Helicon. 26 May 2007†³Sulfa Drug.† eLibrary. 12 Jan 2005. Encyclopedia Britannica. 26 May 2007. Primary SourcesWorld War II Poster. â€Å"Thanks to Penicillin†¦ He Will Come Home!!†U.S. Office of War Information newsreel. â€Å"Penicillin and plasma save lives.†Normandy, June-July 1944. National Archives, Washington, D.C.

Machiavelli, Locke, And Marx - 1369 Words

Human reason has been one of the guiding principles in our society since the beginning of time and because action is preceded by thought, these two go hand in hand. Every choice we make is based on our thinking process, differentiating between what is good or bad, and contemplating cause and effect. Machiavelli, Locke, and Marx all have distinct conceptions of human nature, which has led to a variety of conclusions regarding the political structures of society that still have resonance today, which goes to show how much of an impact their theories have. Machiavelli’s interpretation of human nature was greatly shaped by his belief in God. In his writings, Machiavelli conceives that humans were given free will by God, and the choices made with such freedom established the innate flaws in humans. Based on that, he attributes the successes and failure of princes to their intrinsic weaknesses, and directs his writing towards those faults. His works are rooted in how personal attributes tend to affect the decisions one makes and focuses on the singular commanding force of power. Fixating on how the prince needs to draw people’s support, Machiavelli emphasizes the importance of doing what is best for the greater good. He proposed that working toward a selfish goal, instead of striving towards a better state, should warrant punishment. Machiavelli is a practical person and always thought of pragmatic ways to approach situations, applying to his notions regarding politics andShow MoreRelatedPhilosophers: Niccolo Machiavelli, J ohn Locke and Karl Marx885 Words   |  4 Pages With great ideas, comes and follows great change. Niccolo Machiavelli, John Locke and Karl Marx are renowned philosophers who paved way to the most prominent forms of government in the world. Through their literature they have created a huge wave of revolutionary ideas that exist in the several forms of government to this day. 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