The Good, the Bad and Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essay Topics

The Good, the Bad and Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essay Topics Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essay Topics - Overview On the other hand, the principal aesthetic principle is using magical realism that sets the tone and makes a mysterious atmosphere. This double standard leads to Santiago's death due to the pressure to be the ideal woman as a way to get married and advance in life. Using statistical findings may also be convenient for obvious factors. The option isn't to exist. The articles selected for inclusion are most likely best regarded as synecdochic as each marks in the growth of modern-day invention, if not the very first major. Alongside the topics, you'd come across loads of papers free of charge. Information is supplied to the readers about the character but insufficient to completely analyze each one among them. To get started writing your assignment you would want to encounter an interesting and promising topic. Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essay Topics Fe atures The text contains a comprehensive account of the conditions of the killing twenty-seven years after the incident. From this specific standpoint, the reader may interpret the use of the authorities being also mindful of the murder. The story is developed on an actual occurrence. It took days to find firsthand reports of the scenario. Who Else Wants to Learn About Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essay Topics? In the very first sentence, it's revealed that Santiago Nasar is going to be killed, but the reader must keep on reading to discover who killed him and why. His image is quite mysterious. The reader is going to have to fit the story together and choose on their very own conclusion. The murder scene answers all the questions he has had from the beginning of the novel. Mitchell's death is a superb loss because of his family members, friends, and humankind. Some say they don't feel the brothers are serious. Most people don't believe them as they thought the brothers were joking and still drunk from the preceding night. On the other hand, the Vicario brothers attempt to escape tradition. The thought of virginity is extremely one sided as women have to be virgins and men want to get experienced. Women find it impossible to move up in the social world if they aren't married. The subject of the use of women as property is further elaborated in the association between sexual expectations of women and men. Within this novel the capability to dominate is aimed towards women. Furthermore, how the Catholic Church may pardon murder if it's an issue of honor is extremely ironic and judgmental, as it's a breakage of the Ten Commandments, thus it ought not be justified. Inside my opinion, honor killings are never the remedy to any problem that may emerge. Someone without honor is an outcast locally. Since the men and women in this community are poor the sole way that they can earn and keep respect is honor. So at the start of the book, the morning after, the whole town is basically hung over and not really prepared to process whatever takes any sum of thinking. If you're looking for a Minneapolis HVAC contractor, we wish to be part of making your home the cozy palace it deserves to be. If you are in need of a new furnace to continue to keep your residence or business warm during our harsh Minnesota winters, we will be able to help you install the ideal unit for your circumstance. Typically, it takes as much as two hours of time to comb through dozens o f sites until you discover something exciting to write about. The Basic Principles of Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essay Topics That You Can Learn From Starting Right Away So, to put it differently, tradition kills Ill together with Santiago Nasar. The character of Santiago's death is comparable to the crucifixion of Christ. There are particular big themes that appear to appear from both scenes. In the very first portion of the novel, there is plenty of foreshadowing and symbolism.

Asthma Is A Respiratory Disease - 1364 Words

Asthma is a respiratory disease that many people deal with every single day. â€Å"According to World Health Organization, approximately 180,000 people die from asthma each year.† (Jardins and Burton 187) Most people never think of asthma as a life threatening disease, but it can be crucial. As the number of people with asthma increases, the more likely you are to come in contact with someone who has been diagnosed with this disease. Asthma is a severe breathing problem that has many complications that is dealt with daily like shortness of breath, chronic cough, tightness of the chest and shortness of breath, my main focus is childhood asthma, allergic asthma, and medication to treat asthma. Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children (Kahn and Boskey). Childhood asthma is when the lungs and airways become inflamed when something comes in contact to trigger it. There are different objects or activities to trigger a child’s asthma and if not treated appropriate ly it can cause an asthma attack. This disease can outbreak from a cold or any respiratory infection. Daily symptoms can interfere with a child’s asthma like a cold, sports, school, or play (Childhood Asthma.). In the United States, it is estimated that approximately 5 million children under the age of 18 have this disease. In 1993 alone, asthma was the reason for almost 200,000 hospital stays and about 340 deaths under the age of 25 (Kahn and Boskey). Normally children will outgrow this disease by the time theyShow MoreRelatedCommon Obstructive Lung Diseases That Affects Adults And Children1139 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Asthma is one of the common obstructive lung diseases that affects adults and children. According to centers of diseases control, approximately 26.8 million people are suffering from asthma []. Asthma is hard to diagnose in early stages because it doesn’t have obvious early symptoms. Studies revealed that inflammatory cells increase in the small airways causing dysfunction in the respiratory system, often before the onset of symptoms or changes in spirometry or imaging[1]. DespiteRead MoreRespiratory Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pages Respiratory Disorders Management and Care Our respiratory system is like a battery in our car, without it we will not be able to generate the heart and the rest of our body. There is an old proverb that states, Life is in the breath. He who half breathes half lives. If you have  allergies,  asthma, or other breathing problems, this proverb may sound very familiar. But a greater understanding of your breathing problems, along with an accurate medical diagnosis and effective treatment, canRead MoreThe Psychological Status Of Patients With Asthma And Copd1175 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Evaluation of the psychological status in Patients with Asthma and COPD is from the Iranian journal of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. The authors: Amir MH Asnaashari, Ali Talaei, and Mehry Baghban Haghighi evaluate fifty-nine women and forty-one men, who either had COPD, adult onset asthma, asthmatic bronchitis or were healthy. COPD and asthma severity was based on the GOLD criteria which stands for Global Obstructive Lung Disease. Depression outcomes were based on patient s answers to theRead MoreBronchial Asthma And Chronic Inflammatory Disorder Of The Airways That Involves A Complex Interaction Of Airflow Obstruction, Bronchial1125 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Bronchial Asthma This paper discusses bronchial asthma, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that involves a complex interaction of airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and an underlying inflammation. The paper begins with background information on the condition, followed by describing its mechanisms and breaking down its major components. It will also discuss the signs, symptoms, and diagnosis and treatment options for asthma. Throughout the paper, key conceptsRead MoreThe Understanding Of Health Assessment1626 Words   |  7 Pagesexacerbation of his asthma. His respiratory rate is moderately fast (tachypnoea), he is flushed, completes short sentences only as well as struggling with shortness of breath. James is moderately using his accessory muscles and on auscultation there is a wide spread respiratory wheeze. A asthma attack can cause a great affect upon ones respiratory system, immune system and nervous system (Centers for Disease Control, 2014) but most forwardly and importantly the Respiratory system is the locationRead MorePathophysiology Of Chronic Asthma And Acute Asthma918 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction Respiratory disorder, mostly affect the upper or lower respiratory tract, however bacterial or viral infection are the causative agent and the disease is common in all ages. In addition, the lungs and the bronchi can also be affected, causing inflammation and obstruction of the airflow resulting in wheezing, chest tightness, stridor, low grade fever, cough, and hemoptysis due severe damage to the lung tissues. Most common diseases of the respiratory system include; pneumoniaRead MoreCommon Long Term Diseases Of Children1462 Words   |  6 Pages Goma Dura Asthma Introduction Public Health HCAP 3800 Dr. Wendelyn Inman Tennessee State University â€Æ' Facts According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, asthma is a disease that affects your lungs. It is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. The inflammation makes the airways swollen and very sensitive. The airways tend to react strongly to certain inhaled substances. When the airways react, the muscles around them tighten. This narrows the airwaysRead MoreAsthma . Asthma Is A Disorder Of The Bronchial Mucosa Which1156 Words   |  5 PagesAsthma Asthma is a disorder of the bronchial mucosa which causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Patients who suffer from asthma have a hyperresponsiveness of the airways which causes narrowing to stimuli that illicit no bronchoconstriction in patients without asthma or airway disease (McCance, 2014). Expert Panel 3 of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program defines asthmas as â€Å"a common chronic disorder of the airways that is complex and characterized by variable and recurring symptomsRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Asthma1272 Words   |  6 PagesAsthma is a common, chronic, respiratory disease that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow. Structurally, the respiratory system consists of two parts. The upper respiratory system includes the nose, pharynx, and associated structures. The pharynx is a muscular tube lined by a mucus membrane that starts at the internal nares and extends to the larynx. The lower respiratory system includes the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and the lungs. The larynx is a passageway connecting the laryngopharynxRead MoreIs Improper Use of the Inhaler Related To Poor Asthma Control?948 Words   |  4 PagesThe control of asthma in both adults and children has proven to be a challenge owing to the intricacy involved in the management of the disease. According to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA 1), the term refers to a clinical syndrome of â€Å"intermittent respiratory symptoms triggered by viral upper respiratory infections, environmental allergens or other stimuli and is characterized by nonspecific bronchial hyperesponsiveness and airways inflammation.† The severity of the disease is measured based

American Society Of Human Genetics Essay Contest Example For Students

American Society Of Human Genetics Essay Contest GeneticsGenetics should be used to improve humans. Genetic alterations would be the most important thing to humans. If you genetically alter a retarded person, you could make them normal. It would cost a lot of money to be genetically altered, but the parents would gladly pay any price to see their child as an acceptable member of society. If you genetically altered a man to be smart when he was an embryo, he could end up inventing a time machine that could change the course of the world. He could end up creating a cure for cancer or AIDS or some other deadly disease. A drawback to that would be that he could take over the world and conquer all with his knowledge. Gene alterations can have very good results. They can prevent diseases like Down syndrome. They can redesign defective organisms, prevent heart problems, and prevent people from being deformed. Gene alterations can also change a person from being a boy or a girl when they are embryos. They can determine if someone is handsome or ugly, tall or short, heavy or thin, and even shoe size. These are all of the reasons that I think genetic alterations should be used to improve humans. After reading or skimming through this essay, you should be able to state your own feelings about genetic alterations. Do you think that genetic alterations should be used to improve humans?BibliographyEncarta 99 Encyclopedia

Second Generation Identity and Language Use

One of the discussions in the book about second generation, focuses on the issue of identity for the second generation children. According to Portes and Rumbaut the second generation children in America have had some struggles with their identity because they have been the children of two worlds (147).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Second Generation Identity and Language Use specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many of them, for example, those coming from Korea had parents who had lived in very homogeneous communities. The parents thus tried to maintain the close knit communities for themselves and for their future generations in a heterogeneous society (Portes, and Rumbaut 149). The author presents the experiences of the Korean community to communicate the common struggles that the children faced and how they tried to solve the problem of identity. One of the ways the author presents is the use of solidarity ralli es (Portes, and Rumbaut 149). These rallies cut across different generations with the common goal of perpetuating the history, custom and culture of the Korean community. Sometimes resistance came like it did for the Cubans who after migrating to Florida found that the local initiated a referendum against their migration from Cuba to Florida (Portes, and Rumbaut 149). These isolated the Cubans who were already in Florida. This brings to mind the question as to whether those who settled in America early should have had so much power in controlling those who immigrated later. The experiences of these immigrants is contrasted to that of the Early Europeans whose ethnicity projected outward with intermarriages and thinning out. While the early immigrants were accepted without discrimination, the later immigrants already came with ethnic ties that pitted them against the majority of those already settled into America (Portes, and Rumbaut 181). Conclusion The question of identity is there fore very relevant when considering legacies. This is because identity greatly influences the activities and orientation of groups as they try to settle in a new world. Second generation children might not forget their culture easily since even when they are likely to distance themselves from it, the world they live in may always place them in their ethnic groups (Portes, and Rumbaut 181). It is not clear therefore if ethnic discrimination is likely to end in America. If indeed it will end, then the paradox is on what will need to happen to help achieve this goal.Advertising Looking for essay on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second generation language use A discussion of importance in the book is the language as used by the new second generation. Most of the second generation began to use English as they undertook education and jobs. However their English was the bases for much discrimination and mistrust by their American counterparts (Portes, and Rumbaut 115). Many of them were discriminated due to their accent. Sometimes this came with approval from political offices. Bilingualism was often treated as a handicap even though research reveals one language does not necessarily make a speaker any worse at another. The author refers to studies that proved children who were bilingual had strong cognitive abilities compared to those who spoke one language (Portes, and Rumbaut 116). However schools remain monolingual in America (Portes, and Rumbaut 128). Should languages be offered as part of the core studies of children as they join school? In contemporary America especially where there is a lot of cultural diversity bilingualism has come to be appreciated even admired. Admiration has also come from first generation and ethnic communities that are closely knit (Portes, and Rumbaut 134). This is because the children can communicate within the family easily without a language barrier between the o lder and younger generation. The author also reveals that bilingualism has also affected family relationships especially between parents and their children. Children who are fluent in English and their parent’s native language experience better relationship with their parents (Portes, and Rumbaut 134). The children are also more confident and more proud of their culture when they can speak their parent’s language fluently. However the school system has been poor in propagating the acquisition of a second language (Portes, and Rumbaut 138). Languages are not offered in many schools and even those who are bilingual find they can only use English. This has created a break where given the languages in America the country does not benefit from the positive effects of bilingualism (Portes, and Rumbaut 135- 140). The statistics in the book reveal difficulties in retention of parent’s language. Conclusion The author has presented the issues of the new second generation in a clear manner and challenged the reader to think critically about the effects of immigration especially upon future generation who have to undergo challenging circumstances before they can live the American dream. The question for a society like America could be how the society can best benefit from the linguistic intellectuals of a diverse society with many languages. Work Cited Portes, Alejandro, and Ruben Rumbaut. The Story of the Immigrant Second  Generation. 1st ed. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 2001. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Second Generation Identity and Language Use specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Second Generation Identity and Language Use was written and submitted by user PuppetMaster to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Determination of molarity of cell sap in potato tubers Essays

Determination of molarity of cell sap in potato tubers Essays Determination of molarity of cell sap in potato tubers Paper Determination of molarity of cell sap in potato tubers Paper Plant and animal cells are made up of a cell membrane. The plant cells have the cell membrane line in the inside of the cell wall. The cell wall provides the turgidity to the cell. The cell wall is dead and allows all substances to pass freely through it whereas the cell membrane is alive and selective. This is the case also for the cell membrane of the animal cells. The only difference is however that the cell membrane is the only layer around the cell unlike the cell wall that is part of the plant cells. The cell membrane is alive and selective as we know. This means that it is semi-permeable. This is called a semi permeable membrane. Semi permeable means that it is a layer or a surface that allows only certain particles to pass through but not any others. A completely permeable membrane means that it is a membrane that allows any particles to pass through like is the case for the dead cell wall. This cell membrane is a thin layer of cytoplasm and allows the cell to control the products that come through and go out. For example the cell membrane allows only substances like water, glucose and water are allowed to enter and waste products are removed. However the other way round is not possible because the membrane does not allow the wastes to enter and the vital particles to exit. The membrane is very important to organisms. The movement of gas molecules is called diffusion. The diffusion of other substances such as liquids across a semi permeable membrane is called osmosis. The process of osmosis will be studied in detail here. There is another type of movement and it is called active transport. To understand both of these it is important to know what the concentration gradient is. It is also called diffusion gradient because it also applies to gases. Diffusion or concentration gradient shows the molecules or the particles as from less concentrated to more concentrate. This is demonstrated below. A- higher concentration B- molecules moving C- Less concentration From this diagram we can see that there are more molecules on the left and the molecules are moving from section A through the section B and moves to C where there are fewer molecules. This way we can see that the molecules are diffusing through the empty space. The arrow points towards the diffusion gradient. For the active transport it will be the other way which shows it is against the concentration gradient. This shows the movement of particles for gases. The difference for osmosis is that in osmosis there is a semi permeable membrane. This semi permeable membrane has tiny pores that allow only certain products to pass through. Active transport is different from osmosis because osmosis is according to the concentration gradient and active transport is against the concentration gradient. Factors of osmosis Osmosis depends on the concentration and the temperature of the surroundings in which it takes place. The concentration of the solution is very important because then it will be according to the number of molecules in the water. If we take a sugar solution we know that there is sugar dissolved in it but also it is important to know what is the concentration of the solution. The higher the concentration, the more the amount of sugar molecules and so the amount of water is less. Therefore the amount of water that moves towards it will be more. If we take the above diagram and we place the semi permeable membrane in the middle or have a semi permeable membrane full of the solution we will see this change. This is demonstrated below. For the sake of simplicity, the water molecule has been shown as small and monoatomic where its actual formula is H20 and the sugar molecule is also shown bigger so that it is easier to distinguish and its actual formula is C6H12O6. As we can see form the above diagram that the reason that the sugar molecule cannot pass through is that it is too big to fit through the pore. Even if the gap is large enough the sugar molecule passes though very slowly. The arrows in between show the movement of the particles. As we can see that the reason that the water molecules are moving is that there are less water molecules on the left and so the solution is concentrated and the solution on the right is dilute. The solution on the left is more concentrated because the sugar molecules are now hydrated and so have stopped the water molecules from moving freely and thus there are less water molecules present in the solution. This is usually called water of crystallisation. So we can define osmosis as the movement of water molecules from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration. As we will observe the level of water on the right will decrease and the level of water on the left increases until both will be the same. So they will be in balance and proportion. In plants the following occurs so that the plants may take in fresh water and if seawater were added the reverse would happen, the cells would lose water. This we will see later. Osmosis can take place in any solution, whether it is a salt solution or even a sugar solution. The water potential is the measure of whether the solution is likely to gain or lose water and by how much. So it is concluded that pure water has the highest water potential because it has the highest number of free molecules and can diffuse from one solution to the other no matter how concentrated or dilute it may be. This again repeats the fact that the water moves from a high potential to a low potential. Once again it is important that the substance that is added to the water is soluble in water. Osmosis is also used industrially, mainly in the process of agriculture. Sometimes in industry, quite different from agriculture, osmosis may also be used. In this case the tubing would be made of cellulose acetate in sheets or tubes used for dialysis. The size of the pores can be adjusted according to the size of the molecules or the particles of the substances and used accordingly for different purposes. In an animal cell the water is taken by osmosis. The cell swells up and can burst if the extra water is not removed. The tissue fluid does this. The tissue fluid has the same concentration as the cell and so the substances or rather water can pass freely between the cell and the tissue fluid. As we can see form the above representation the cell has expanded and will burst if it does not lose the extra water. That is why the tissue fluid plays an important part. The solution outside is called the hypotonic solution because it has a low concentration of the solute compared to the solution in the inside, which is called the hypertonic solution. As for the solutions between the cytoplasm and the tissue fluid have the same concentration so that they can freely exchange. These solutions are called isotonic solutions. For the plant cells, too the same thing happens. But when the above change takes place, the cells are now turgid and this property is usually used to check the end of the osmosis in experiments and the cells that have lost water by osmosis until they are flaccid, which means that they have wilted or a starting to wilt. This is important for us to know because we will be experimenting about the plant cells when we investigate osmosis. Plant Cells Plant Cells have vacuoles. This makes all the difference to the turgidity. When the plant cell is surrounded by dilute solution then the water will enter the vacuole and enlarge it. The vacuole will become larger and also push against the sides of the cytoplasm. This will stretch the cell. This will happen till a limit because there is the cell wall that does not allow the cell to expand too much. This means that the cell is turgid and is exerting turgor pressure on the walls of the cell. When the water content in the vacuole decreases either due to lack of water or the loss of water due to transpiration, the cells become flaccid. The vacuole becomes smaller. The cells are said to be plasmolysed. The vacuoles have pulled the cytoplasm away from the cell walls and thus allowed the cells to become smaller. As we have already discussed the temperature is an important factor in osmosis. As the temperature increases the rate of osmosis also increase. This is because the when the temperature increases the water molecules move faster from one solution to the other. As we proceed to the experiment, we will see that what other factors are to be kept constant and what changes occur during the procedure of the experiment. Osmosis is important in nature. Osmosis is important in every living creature because it controls the distribution of water and nutrients. Osmosis occurs only when there is a semi permeable membrane so it keeps waste products out of the cell and provides the cell with the substances required in appropriate amounts. If there were no osmosis, red blood cells would get filled with water and burst just like a balloon. This is called hemolysis. Salty water can cause the tissues to dehydrate and osmosis may prevent this. This is because it is a salty solution. Osmosis maintains the regularity of concentration in the cells of the living organisms. Even so in plants osmosis helps to maintain the balance of water and the turgidity. Without this plants would wilt and die. The same for humans. If there were too much or too little water in cells, we may also die but osmosis prevents this. In plants this process is partially responsible for drawing water up to the stems where it can be used for respiration. Then again if the water in the soil is salty or has too much fertiliser in it, it can be harmful for the plants because the solution is then hypertonic.

10 Writers Block Memes to Keep Your Book Afloat

10 Writers Block Memes to Keep Your Book Afloat 10 Writer's Block Memes to Keep Your Book Afloat If you’re a writer, you’re 99% guaranteed to agree that writer’s block is not a lot of fun. Whilst we can offer tips and help you try and overcome writer’s block  and writing strategies, we can also reassure you that you are not suffering alone.The fact that you’re here - possibly having searched for ‘writer’s block memes’ - suggests you’re in need of a little light relief. This post will hopefully provide you with some confirmation that you’re not the only one who’s struggling and remind you that, all in all, writer’s block is a strange and funny thing.1. Your first experience of writer’s block went something like this: What's your favorite writer's block meme? Tell us in the comments and we'll be happy to add it to our list!

Goods and Services Tax (GST) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Goods and Services Tax (GST) - Essay Example The present research has identified that goods and services tax (GST) is said to be indirect and broad-based because it is charged depending on the supply or activities of good and services instead of being charged directly on income. Also, these charges are applied generally to all taxpayers with a few limitations. Taxation under GST is applied to the goods and services that are used by consumers, meaning that, this system is a consumption taxation system. A step process is used in the collection of taxes under GST, to make sure that tax is levied at every stage of the production chain, and also to allow suppliers of goods and services who are registered to claim the credit on tax paid to their inputs. Although the tax is charged at every stage, the tax is paid finally by the consumer at the end spot. For a firm to be able to take credit on GST, they must be registered. Thus, if they do not apply to be registered under GST, they are treated as the end consumers and can only enjoy th e GST credit they incur. GST is classified into three types of supplies namely; taxable supplies, input tax supplies, and GST free supplies. GST liability is created out of supply, but it is not created by the GST registered entity. The rules of GST do not apply if the supplies of either goods or services came to force before 1st July 2000, and in accordance to set special rules, gifts, when supply is made by entities not registered, or which are not required to register and when the transactions involved are not connected to Australia. In order to register Tiles Pty Ltd under GST system, the management needs to ensure that the firm satisfies the following requirements as stipulated under chapter 2, part 2-5 division 23 of the act. The main importance of registration is due to the following: - GST is only payable on any supplies for registered entities only Credits for input tax cannot be claimed unless the entity is registered GST returns are only lodged for registered entities Und er the goods and services act, an entity structure may include an individual, a sole corporate, a corporation body, a political body, a partnership, a trust and an unincorporated association or body of persons. Tiles Galore Pty Ltd is a small sized corporation, meaning that, it falls under an entity structure required to be registered. Thus, the firm can apply to be registered by ATO for GST. Registration requirements are in sec 23-5; it states that an entity is registered It is an enterprise Annual turnover meets the threshold for registration turnover The term entity is broad in definition and includes various legal persons as described here below; The trustee is that entity that should register for GST and ABN The partnerships are those entities that should register for GST but not for individual partners It thus entails that under section 23-10, an entity cannot be registered if it does not carry or intend to carry on with an enterprise. It is optional for that entity to registe r if it carries on an enterprise but does not meet the threshold for registration. Supplies fall under various sections namely; taxable supplies, GST free supplies, and input taxed supplies. Other kinds are importations and those that fall outside the scope of the GST. Taxable supplies are determinant factors in ruling whether a certain transaction is worth falling under GST.

U.S. Fiscal Cliff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S. Fiscal Cliff - Essay Example The primary obstacle towards a greater understanding between the two political parties with regards to austerity, spending, and the national debt is with regards to how the situation should be handled. On the one side the Democratic Party oftentimes if much more fiscally liberal than the Republican Party and as such oftentimes has few qualms in running up high deficits. However, the Republican Party itself under the Bush years added to the national debt by a figure of over 4 trillion dollars. Such a sum for the time was an unimaginable one. Aided by nearly a decade of conflict and two wars, the Republican Party lost any and all credence that they had formerly retained with reference to being the party of fiscal responsibility. However, with regards to the individual positions that the political spectrum retains, there can be said to be two. The Democratic Party believes that the best way to find a reasonable solution for such economic difficulties revolves around raising taxes (speci fically on the upper middle class and wealthiest citizens). Such an approach has merits; however, speaking economically, it also serves to penalize those job-creators that most directly influence the level of growth and recovery that the nation would experience if such a deadweight loss were not experienced. Similarly, those that support the alternate view to the one listed above claim that any and all budget shortfalls must be remedied by relying on austerity and/or budget cuts to achieve the desired result.

System of Inquiry Essay Example for Free

System of Inquiry Essay In an age where truth is relative and compromise is the norm , where people are afraid to take a stand on the thorny issues like Bioethics , Euthanasia , Racism , Abortion etc that clutter our daily horizons – it’s high time now to face these vexing issues boldly and set – up a firmer Code of Ethics at the conscious level of a human . No matter how many laws you make but unless it is dwelled at the conscious level it won’t be that effective ; as ethics is not limited to specific acts and defined moral codes , but encompasses the whole of moral ideals and behaviours – a person’s philosophy of life to be precise . A high performing compliance and ethics program is best organized as an integrated capability assigned to the individuals with overall accountability. As far as the ethics in the system of inquiry goes – reflection , decision making under circumstances of complexity , skills of analysis , synthesis and evaluation as well as communication skills are some of the hallmarks. An ethical system of inquiry program supports the organization’s business objectives, identifies the Ethical and legal boundaries to establish an alert management system. Once an issue is detected, management must be prepared to respond quickly and appropriately . It will enable the organization to better prevent, detect and respond to similar problems in the future. An effective systems of enquiry should include reasoning and conclusions that can be reduced to a form that can be effectively communicated plus a systematic approach that goes a long way in handling any sort of inquiry. Appreciative Inquiry seeks what is right in an organization. It is a habit of mind, heart, and imagination that searches for the success, the life-giving force, the incidence of joy. Every system of inquiry needs to be ethical and ethics is not the same as feelings. Feelings provide important information for our ethical choices. Some people have highly developed habits that make them feel bad when they do something wrong, but many people feel good even though they are doing something wrong. And often our feelings will tell us it is uncomfortable to do the right thing if it is hard. Ethics is not religion. Many people are not religious, but ethics applies to everyone. Most religions do advocate high ethical standards but sometimes do not address all the types of problems we face. Ethics is not following the law. A good system of inquiry does incorporate many ethical standards, but law can deviate from what is ethical. Law can become ethically corrupt, as some totalitarian regimes have made it. Law can be a function of power alone and designed to serve the interests of narrow groups. Law may have a difficult time designing or enforcing standards in some important areas and may be slow to address new problems. A robust system of inquiry should have mechanisms for making good ethical decisions which further requires a trained sensitivity to ethical issues and a practiced method for exploring the ethical aspects of a decision and weighing the considerations that should impact our choice of a course of action. Having a method for ethical decision making is absolutely essential. When practiced regularly, the method becomes so familiar that we work through it automatically without consulting the specific steps. The more novel and difficult the ethical choice we face, the more we need to rely on discussion with others about the dilemma. Its only by careful exploration of the problem, aided by the insights and different perspectives of others, can we make good ethical choices in such situations. Work ethics is relative to the time period in which it is measured and the variables are not independently predictive. We must redefine work ethics to reflect the attitudes, desires, and behaviors of today’s employed if we are to develop pedagogy that will foster changes in worker behavior that will be sustained as situations change. Most contemporary research focuses on teaching skills and knowledge, and not attitudes. Work-related social skills and habits are the most important entry-level skills sought in employees. As business, industry, and education face challenges to produce workers and students who perform at optimum levels, all are faced with the issue of the work ethics. Nearly all discussions with emphasis of linking or improving businesses and education captures work ethic somewhere in the discourse. Underlying questions concerning work ethics is the development of an acceptable definition that is current with today’s environment, the determination of whether work ethics is a teachable characteristic, and the development of acceptable and practical pedagogy.

The Messiah Essay -- Musicians Handel The Messiah Essays

The Messiah Handel’s classic piece, The Messiah is undoubtedly the best selection as our classes choice for the time capsule. It has all the workings of a true musical masterpiece and a beautiful message that all should know. Our song should be chosen as a piece that has lived, will live on, and does justice to music. That is The Messiah. Many of you (including myself) didn’t quite realize who Handel was, let alone know his oratorio The Messiah. Once Joel began to play it in class, the common phrase shifted from, "What?", to, "Oh, the hallelujah song." It is a piece that nearly anyone, of any generation, knows at least by its famous chorus, Hallelujah. That is a lot to say for one song. How many of your parents actually know anything about the music you listen to? Most of the music of today just kind of fades in and then back out, which is just not the case with The Messiah. For more than 250 years, this great and most popular of oratorios has survived and endured numerous revisions and reorchestrations in performances ranging from "cast of thousands" to today's emphasis on "authentic" performances, a practice employing period instruments and small all-male choral ensembles(Wilson). When Christmas season roles around, everyone can count on hearing Handel’s own personal favorite The Messiah. This is the kind of song we need, something that links us through common knowledge and feeling, past and present. Handel combines the sheer grandeur and power of his German roots with the color of his Italian experience, joining this with the unique flavor of the English language(Alexander). His music can thus be powerful, it can be colorful and lively(like the wonderful "For unto us a child is born" chorus), or it can be stirri... ...apacity for self-renewal. We become aware that it bestows on us the special gift of aesthetic and spiritual grace. There is not one portion of this song that should make us disregard it. Think of your favorite song. Now think of what time span it has touched or will touch. Okay, think of its actually artistic quality. Lastly, think of what message, what feeling it’s trying to convey. I doubt it it compares in all aspects to the Messiah. I think you’ll agree this is the song that deserves the spot in the UTD time capsule. Works Cited Alexander, Sean. http://www.ao.net/~jmo/john/music/handelt.html). Del Rio, Chris. http://www.inkpot.com/classical/messiah.html. McEown, Nathen. http://www.psg.com/~patf/bach/messiah.html. Mulchevy , Michael. "Ved Head." Rolling Stone June 1995: 46-48. Wilson, Jason. http://www.hartfordchorale.org/Messiah.html. The Messiah Essay -- Musicians Handel The Messiah Essays The Messiah Handel’s classic piece, The Messiah is undoubtedly the best selection as our classes choice for the time capsule. It has all the workings of a true musical masterpiece and a beautiful message that all should know. Our song should be chosen as a piece that has lived, will live on, and does justice to music. That is The Messiah. Many of you (including myself) didn’t quite realize who Handel was, let alone know his oratorio The Messiah. Once Joel began to play it in class, the common phrase shifted from, "What?", to, "Oh, the hallelujah song." It is a piece that nearly anyone, of any generation, knows at least by its famous chorus, Hallelujah. That is a lot to say for one song. How many of your parents actually know anything about the music you listen to? Most of the music of today just kind of fades in and then back out, which is just not the case with The Messiah. For more than 250 years, this great and most popular of oratorios has survived and endured numerous revisions and reorchestrations in performances ranging from "cast of thousands" to today's emphasis on "authentic" performances, a practice employing period instruments and small all-male choral ensembles(Wilson). When Christmas season roles around, everyone can count on hearing Handel’s own personal favorite The Messiah. This is the kind of song we need, something that links us through common knowledge and feeling, past and present. Handel combines the sheer grandeur and power of his German roots with the color of his Italian experience, joining this with the unique flavor of the English language(Alexander). His music can thus be powerful, it can be colorful and lively(like the wonderful "For unto us a child is born" chorus), or it can be stirri... ...apacity for self-renewal. We become aware that it bestows on us the special gift of aesthetic and spiritual grace. There is not one portion of this song that should make us disregard it. Think of your favorite song. Now think of what time span it has touched or will touch. Okay, think of its actually artistic quality. Lastly, think of what message, what feeling it’s trying to convey. I doubt it it compares in all aspects to the Messiah. I think you’ll agree this is the song that deserves the spot in the UTD time capsule. Works Cited Alexander, Sean. http://www.ao.net/~jmo/john/music/handelt.html). Del Rio, Chris. http://www.inkpot.com/classical/messiah.html. McEown, Nathen. http://www.psg.com/~patf/bach/messiah.html. Mulchevy , Michael. "Ved Head." Rolling Stone June 1995: 46-48. Wilson, Jason. http://www.hartfordchorale.org/Messiah.html.

Movie Trailer

A son and his father are sitting at their table the dad pronounces, â€Å"l love Jell-O. † â€Å"Why? ‘ the son asked, â€Å"Well†¦ † The father began listing off the typical dad's life to his son. The camera pans to the son as he visualizes himself in his dad's shoes. The dad tells his son that every morning he wakes up â€Å"with a little less hair† the son is then shown In his dad's clothes staring in the mirror with little hair on top of his head.Then he has to â€Å"drive to work In heavy traffic† says the dad as you see the child nervously driving barely able to see over the steering wheel driving In between two semi-trucks. The dad then explains to his son when he got to work his boss had told him â€Å"the project he had been working on for a year was canceled. † You see the son coloring a picture as his boss takes it away and rips it up, the camera then pans back to the child's distraught face. The dad and the son are back at t he table and the dad states that â€Å"Jell-O pudding makes up for all of that.The son looks at his dad and hands him his pudding, â€Å"here, you need this more than me† (Jell-O pudding) Jell-Co's goal was to achieve the audience of fathers and sons in this specific advertisement. They had shown the father's everyday life through the eyes of his child associating both roles in the commercial. The advertisement proves to be ethos relating the fathers depicted day to a typical fathers everyday life. The Jell-O In the commercial Is used to portray their pudding as a stress reliever and It â€Å"makes up for al of that† relative to the fathers bad day.At the end of the commercial the child hands his father the Jell-O after visualizing the day his dad had at work, this held the audience hostage to the adorable child generously giving his hardworking father his one Jell-O pudding snack using the pathos affect. The sole purpose of the commercial was to motivate the buyer to buy Jell-O products because it relieves all of their stress and puts them in a better mood. Jell-O makes the audience think of their horrible day at work and how they could relate to the ether and son.They do so in the commercial by causing them to feel like they need the pudding to relieve their stress and believe that It actually works. When the father states that â€Å"l love Jell-O† and begins telling his son about his day and because of the connection fathers have with his circumstance they would want to feel the same way the father in the commercial did after eating the pudding. The tone that is portrayed day of work and with the imagery of a child with the leading hairlines, driving wrought traffic and working is quite comical.The horrible day the father had depicted the depressing side of a typical fathers' daily life giving an upsetting tone to the commercial. Jell-O had sold its product effectively to the father and son audience through real life situations but lac ked in visuals of the pudding. The advertiser exceeded in adhering to their targeted audience and including both ethos and pathos effect grabbing the viewer's attention with laughter and misery which is an effective way of eating a buyer to adhere to their product.People may see the product as delicious because the father said he â€Å"loves Jell-O† but, the advertisement does not say why he loves it or shows in detail the product itself to get a visual idea of what the buyers are going to be eating. Overall the commercial was successful in fulfilling their objective of portraying a realistic environment to grab the father and son audience for their product, Jell-O pudding. Works Cited Jell-O pudding. Advertisement. OCW. 4 Jan 2014. Television

African American Dance Essay

Assignment: After viewing the video â€Å"Dance on the Wind: Memoirs of a Mississippi Shaman† what is your opinion of the connection that Mr. Washington makes between African dance and African American Dance? Do you agree or disagree? Please be specific as to why and use examples. If you agree give an example of a popular African American dance in which you see the connection with African Dance. Your assignment should be in essay format and a minimum of one page typed. My Response: The connection in my opinion is the Mr. Washington made a connection between African-American Dance from his child-hood memories because his parents had to complete personalities as for his mother’s side of the family he took the memories of the dancing in church and being in the mist of the Holy Spirit and brainstormed some stick figures and contemplated on how his body could smoothly get through each step flawlessly. As for his father side of the family enjoyed dancing every. Saturday and he realized the common factor was the rhythm and blues and that they each danced to feel freedom and immortality and to show enjoyment and fulfillment of hard work. As he grew older he gained more access to the world and traveling. So he went a paid his ancient ancestors, he was amazed at what he saw and immediately put himself in his ancestors shoes. Culturally he is an American but religiously, spiritually he is an African American. So the connection was the rhythm and blues and the ancestors’ roots of music.

4 Common Questions About How to Vote in College

4 Common Questions About How to Vote in College With so much else to juggle while in college, you may not have thought much about how to vote. Even if its your first election or going to school means you live in a different state, figuring out how to vote in college can be relatively simple.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ I Live in One State but Go to School in Another. Where Do I Vote? You can be a resident of two states, but you can only vote in one. So if youre a college student who has a permanent address is in one state and lives in another to attend school, you can choose where you want to cast your vote. Youll need to check with your home state or the state your school is in for more details on registration requirements, how to register and, of course, how to vote. You can generally find this information through a states Secretary of State website or  the board of elections. Additionally, if you decide to vote in your home state but are living in another state, youll probably need to vote absentee. Make sure you allow yourself enough time to receive - and return - your ballot through the mail. The same goes for changing registration: While a few states offer same-day voter registration, many have firm deadlines for registering new voters before an election.   How Do I Vote in My Hometown Election If Im Away at School? If, say, you live in Hawaii but are in college in New York, chances are you arent going to be able to head home to vote. Assuming you want to remain a registered voter in Hawaii, youll need to register as an absentee voter and have your ballot sent to you at school. How Do I Vote in the State Where My School Is? As long as youve registered to vote in your new state, you should get voter materials in the mail that will explain the issues, have candidate statements and say where your local polling place is. You may very well vote right on your campus. If not, theres a pretty good chance that a lot of students at your school will need to get to the neighborhood polling place on Election Day. Check with your student activities or student life office to see if they are running shuttles or if there are any carpooling initiatives involved for reaching the polling place. Lastly, if you dont have transportation to your local polling place or wont be able to vote on Election Day for some other reason, see if you can vote by mail.   Even if your permanent address and your school are in the same state, youll want to double-check your registration. If you cant get home on Election Day, you either need to vote absentee or consider changing your registration to your school address so you can vote locally. Where Can I Get More Information on the Issues That Affect College Students? College students are a critical - and very large - voting constituency who are often at the forefront of political activism. (Its not an accident presidential debates are historically held on college campuses.) Most campuses have programs and events, put on by campus or local political parties and campaigns, that explain different candidates views on certain issues. The internet is full of information on elections but put in the effort to seek out credible sources. Look to non-profit, non-partisan organizations for details on election issues, as well as quality news sources and political parties websites, which have information on initiatives, candidates, and their policies.

Command Economy Definition, Characteristics, Pros and Cons

Command Economy Definition, Characteristics, Pros and Cons In a command economy (also known as a centrally planned economy), the central government controls all major aspects of a nations economy and production. The government, rather than the traditional free market economy laws of supply and demand, mandates which goods and services will be produced and how they will be distributed and sold. The theory of a command economy was defined by Karl Marx in the Communist Manifesto as â€Å"common ownership of the means of production,† and it became a typical characteristic of communist governments. Key Takeaways: Command Economy A command economy- or centrally planned economy- is a system in which the government controls all facets of the nation’s economy. All businesses and housing are owned and controlled by the government.In a command economy, the government determines what goods and services will be produced and how they will be sold according to a multi-year central macroeconomic plan.In nations with command economies, health care, housing, and education are usually free, but the peoples’ incomes are controlled by the government and private investment is rarely allowed.In the Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx defined command economy as â€Å"common ownership of the means of production.†While command economies are typical of both communism and socialism, the two political ideologies apply them differently. While command economies are capable of rapidly making sweeping changes in a country’s economy and society, their inherent risks, such as overproduction and stifling of innovation, have driven many long-time command economies like Russia and China to incorporate free market practices in order to better compete in the global marketplace. Command Economy Characteristics In a command economy, the government has a multi-year central macroeconomic plan which sets objectives like nationwide employment rates and what the government-owned industries will produce. The government enacts laws and regulations to implement and enforce its economic plan. For example, the central plan dictates how all of the country’s resources- financial, human, and natural- are to be allocated. With the goal of eliminating unemployment, the central plan promises to use the nation’s human capital to its highest potential. However, industries must adhere to the plan’s overall hiring targets. Potential monopoly industries such as utilities, banking, and transportation are owned by the government and no competition is allowed within those sectors. In this manner, monopoly prevention measures such as anti-trust laws are unnecessary.   The government owns most, if not all of the country’s industries that produce goods or services. It may also set market prices and provide consumers with some necessities, including health care, housing, and education.   In more tightly-controlled command economies, the government imposes limits on individual income. Command Economy Examples Globalization and financial pressure have led many former command economies to change their practices and economic model, but a few countries remain faithful to the principles of command economy, such as Cuba and North Korea. Cuba Under Raul Castro, Fidel Castro’s brother, most Cuban industries remain owned and operated by the communist government. While unemployment is virtually nonexistent, the average monthly salary is less than $20 USD. Housing and health care are free, but all of the homes and hospitals are owned by the government. Since the former Soviet Union stopped subsidizing Cuba’s economy in 1990, the Castro government has gradually incorporated some free-market policies in an effort to stimulate growth. North Korean currency, featuring Kim Il-Sung, DPKRs first leader. johan10 / Getty Images North Korea The command economic philosophy of this secretive communist nation focuses on meeting the needs of its people. For example, by owning all of the homes and setting their prices accordingly, the government keeps the cost of housing low. Similarly, health care and education in government-operated hospitals and schools are free. However, with the lack of competition leaving them little reason to improve or innovate, the government-owned industries operate inefficiently. Overcrowded transportation facilities and long waits for health care are typical. Finally, with their incomes strictly controlled by the government, the people have no avenue for building wealth. Pros and Cons Some advantages of a command economy include: They can move quickly. Controlled by the government itself, industries can complete massive projects without politically motivated delays and fears of private lawsuits.Since jobs and hiring are regulated by the government, unemployment is consistently minimal and mass unemployment is rare.Government ownership of industries can prevent monopolies and their inherent abusive market practices, such as price gouging and deceptive advertising.They can quickly respond to fill critical societal needs such as health care, housing, and education, which are typically made available at little or no charge. Disadvantages of a command economy include: Command economies breed governments which limit the rights of individuals to pursue their personal financial goals.Due to their lack of free-market competition, command economies discourage innovation. Industry leaders are rewarded for following government directives rather than for creating new products and solutions.Since their economic plans are unable to respond to changing consumer needs in a timely manner, command economies often suffer from over and under production resulting in shortages and wasteful surpluses.They encourage â€Å"black markets† that illegally make and sell products not produced by the command economy. Communist Command Economy vs. Socialist Command Economy While command economies are typical of both communism and socialism, the two political ideologies apply them differently. Both forms of government own and control most industries and production, but socialist command economies do not attempt to control the peoples’ own labor. Instead, the people are free to work as they wish based on their qualifications. Similarly, businesses are free to hire the best-qualified workers, rather than having workers assigned to them based on the central economic plan. In this manner, socialist command economies encourage a higher level of worker participation and innovation. Today, Sweden is an example of a nation using a socialist command economy. Sources and Further Reference â€Å"Command Economy.† Investopedia (March 2018)Bon, Kristoffer G.; Gabnay, Roberto M. editors. â€Å"Economics: Its Concepts Principles.† 2007. Rex Book Store. ISBN 9712346927, 9789712346927Grossman, Gregory (1987): â€Å"Command economy.† The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave MacmillanEllman, Michael (2014). â€Å".†Socialist Planning Cambridge University Press; 3rd edition. ISBN 1107427320

Teamwork Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teamwork Philosophy - Essay Example The kind of team I have to work with as a manager belongs to the second category because it is a project team. Many important functions of such teams ranging from completing work to developing system innovations to delivering quality to customers heavily depend on good communication. This is why a recent research survey has revealed ineffective communication â€Å"as the biggest barrier to team effectiveness† (Cardon, 2014, p. 66). Good teams are based on a solid foundation of goals and norms. One of the most decisive goals is being able to negotiate or discuss options in a healthy way. There are many sensitive managers who want to avoid confrontation as much as possible and prefer to find escape in difficult times instead of addressing the problem at hand. Research has it members of effective teams consider it critically important â€Å"to spend most of their time discussing work issues† . This is the state of high-performing teams. In contrast, lower-performing teams do not make wise investments in discussing work problems which prevents team members from bonding around work issues. In order to accomplish goals on time, I intend to lead my team by developing a common sense of purpose. Research claims that organizing problem-solving meeting can help to align interests of managers and team members. Many times teams perform poorly because there are conflicting interests. This conflict becomes a hurdle in the way of achieving a common goal.  Ã‚     I am personally strictly against suppressing someone’s voice to advance my personal interests.

Structural engineering Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Structural engineering Class - Essay Example The house was designed by Spanish architects Sola-Morales and Cadaval (dezeen). It can be seen in the picture that a major portion of the house is built in cantilever. It not only obviates the need to provide structural members at the base to support the overhanging portion, but also provides the inhabitants of the house with more space to live in without consuming any space at the base. Houses with cantilever portions can have large areas for gardening or verandahs. Why is the cantilever principle an important factor in structural work? Cantilever principle is widely employed in all sorts of construction works. The biggest advantage it offers to the constructor is that it obviates the need to provide one of the two main supports at the free end of the structural member. This results not only in decreasing the amount of material needed for the construction of structure, but also makes the structure look quite elegant. The free hanging portion of the structural member lends it a beaut iful dramatic look, that adds a lot to the overall beauty of the whole structure. In the contemporary age where look of the structure is considered of prime importance, cantilever principle helps the constructor achieve the very purpose without having to compromise upon the safety of the structure.

Impact of Science Fiction on Historical and Modern Literature Essay

Impact of Science Fiction on Historical and Modern Literature - Essay Example Both genres continue to be popular at the start of the twenty first century, although mainstream and traditional literature is regarded by some as more worthwhile, simply because of its longer and more respected tradition. This paper analyses the impact of Science Fiction on historical and Modern Literature by looking at five writers in the Science Fiction/Fantasy genre. Edgar Rice Burroughs (1875-1950) is one of the first and best known writers of science fiction. He was an accomplished writer of novels and stories, notably having invented the character of Tarzan and producing a series of works on this subject. His stories about Mars and Venus opened the eyes of the public to a whole new dimension of story telling, in which brave heroes like the character John Carter venture out into the far reaches of space to meet whatever they find there with curiosity and courage. Some critics see this line of storytelling as a reflection of the early history of America, in which white settlers sought out the distant frontiers and killed the Indians whom they met on the way.1 This may well be true, but it also true that the fictional exploration of space gave Rice Burroughs some insights into the mentality of the frontiersman and he wrote a number of Western themed novels later in life including Apache Devil in 1933 and The Deputy Sherriff of Commanche Country in 1940. In this case it seems, science fiction helped him to imagine historical situations and write engaging stories about confronting the unknown. Lord Dunsany (1878-1957), also known as Edward Plunkett, was a contemporary of Edgar Rice Burroughs, and was born in Ireland. The mythology of Irish fairies and ancient gods and heroes undoubtedly influenced his well-received work The Gods of Pegana (1905). The most striking contribution of Lord Dunsany is his ability to create a whole world of alternative divine beings, describing their history, their function and their fantastic origins in a parallel universe. It is w ritten in a quasi-religious format, like an ancient holy text, and although it is clearly not intended to be followed as a religion, it sparked off a tradition in science fiction for the construction of alternative cosmologies. This freed up later writers to consider the dimension of belief in their work, and allowed many to construct moral codes that are different from the standard Judaeo –Christian models that prevail in Western Society. This work also may have influenced writers such as Tolkein and C.S. Lewis, who combined religious elements with their fantasy worlds, albeit within the Christian tradition. The writer Stephen King (B. 1947) is one of the most prolific and widely read modern authors of fiction. He grew up without his father, who left the family very early, and wrote many novels which have become classics in the horror and science fiction genre including Salem’s Lot (1975), The Shining (1977) Pet Sematary (1983). His fascination with horror means that he is often compared with Gothic horror writers like Edgar Allan Poe and Bram Stoker. His works lend themselves well to film adaptation and through this he has won an even wider audience. One of his main contributions to literary studies is his fearless exploration of the human

Feminism in Legal Jurisprudence and Social Analysis

Feminism in Legal Jurisprudence and Social Analysis Discuss critically the contribution of feminist thought to social and legal analysis. Consider the extent to which you regard feminism as a distinctive and coherent approach to these fields of enquiry. Introduction This paper will critically examine the feminist contribution to legal jurisprudence and social analysis. The theoretical range and methodologies of feminist dialogue will be investigated in context of legal philosophy and social academic discourse. First, classical social theories of law will be discussed in order to asses the value of feminist analysis of social theories. In particular the feminist investigation of the socio economic theory of Marxism will be discussed in order to understand the sociological perspectives concerning the role women played in the social order. Secondly, aspects of feminist legal inquiries looking at thematic issues central to feminist thought will be analyzed. In relation to this, internal academic criticisms between feminist factions will be addressed to highlight the sheer diversity of feminist legal jurisprudence. This essay will aim to demonstrate that feminism is a distinctive inquisitive range of inquiry, but it is not a unified approach to lega l and sociological fields. In this sense its pluralism and diversity can at times leave the movement fractured and divided. But this essay argues that this does not diminish the ability of the movement to raise important ideas while tackling broad theoretical academic queries. Feminism thought: contextual origins Feminism thought originated from a historically wide ranging social debates and theories. It can trace roots back to the women’s liberation movement which gained momentum in the 60’s and 70’s along side other social struggles in the same era, notably the American civil rights movement. Feminist thought is indefinable as a single unitary theory. Feminist thought primarily is a ‘diverse, competing and often opposing collection of social theories, political movements and moral philosophies.’[1] The innermost guiding issue is to critically discuss the role of women and their experiences in various social, political and economical contexts. Issues of inequality, discrimination, institutional female representation, socialized or biological constructions of gender differences and resulting cultural implications are a just a few lines of inquiry explored by modern Western feminist thought. Thus feminist thinking is a multifarious and pluralistic academic dis cipline. There is ‘no single form of feminism that represents all feminists.’[2] Social feminist theories Feminist legal thought, it can be suggested, has made a substantial contribution to social analysis. It is a relatively new area of analysis for feminist scholars. Feminist social theory examines social relations between the sexes, expressly looking at how societal actions can be transported into the public domain for the emancipation of women. It is suggested feminist social theory has made pivotal contributions[3] and changes in modern society. It has worked to revolutionize existing attitudes with reference to social structures. It is argued, that recent social changes have been achieved through the committed agitation of feminist thinkers who fully participating in socially engaged issues such as women’s rights and reform. This has resulted in the ‘increased involvement of women in public life’[4] suggesting feminist legal thought has in some small way played a part to advance equality of the sexes. In this sense, social feminism is continually evolving[5] thr ough analytic inquiries to understand female subordination which assimilates issues of class and gender. This includes the consideration of wider factors related to identity, race, and ethnicity. By focusing on such factors, Holmstrom argues social feminist academics aim to ‘help use this analysis to liberate women.’[6] In this context, feminist thought has been able to add confidently to general social theory. For example feminist inquiries of social theory have helped to change the way sociologists previously conceptualized social theories, by focusing upon reoccurring lines of inquiry. For example, first, feminist social theory discusses biological differences and socialized activity in society. Secondly the interpretative meaning and explanation of what the term ‘social’ can mean has been praised as helping to erect a broader scope of inquiry than exhibited by earlier forms of sociology. As a direct consequence it is argued ‘feminist theories have moved beyond the issue of women and point the way to a more creative form’ of intellectual inquiry.[7] Thirdly, social feminists have usually examined patterned links between males and females which are socially structured. This can be seen in the work of Catherine Mackinnon discussed below. Finally, the feminist inquiry looks into how particular social relationships are formed and the structural workings of societal institutions.[8] It’s methods of examining ‘the meaning of the â€Å"social†, how a person’s experience affects her understanding of the social world and how males and females relate to each other’ has led sociologists to rethink previously established and influential social theories.[9] Critiques of classical social theory This impact is most noticeably seen in the radical feminist analysis of traditional social theories such as Marxism. Mackinnon [10] and Sydie[11] critically reveal how classical theories of Marx, Weber and Durkheim marginalized women to varying degrees, in order to promote social and economic aspects of their theories. Thus a major criticism leveled at classical theory is that women are fundamentally ignored by male sociologists who were preoccupied with the ‘male activities, experiences and parts of society dominated by males.’[12] For example, sociological classical theories are formulated within context of industrial society and economies. Feminists argue that capitalism helped to expand the male public sphere of influence through industrial structures. This expansion in turn was balanced by the constraint of females in the domestic private section of society, with almost no engagement in public, political or economic events.[13] This can be seen in women’s ele ctoral disenfranchisement and the suffragette movement in 18th and 19th century England. Feminist analysis of Marxist ideas A large area of feminist discourse concerns Marxist ideas. Marxism is analyzed through its historical materiality and approach. It conceptualizes history as distinct ‘succession of modes of production.’[14] Each stage of society’s historical development will progress through evolving social stages such as feudalism, capitalism and socialism. Such phases are characterized by unique modes of production. Such modes of production within the economy are made up by the integral power relations between the ‘direct producers and the owners of the means of production’ who exploit workers. Holstrom explains that within Marxist theory, issues of inequality and class division are utilized by feminist scholars to extend the range of social inquiry. Further more, they are used to examine societal divisions between the sexes, and the ‘process through which social relations of gender are created organized, expressed and directed’ as such gender relations fundamentally ‘create society.’[15] For example Mackinnon provided an influential feminist account of the social and economic theories of Marx: Marxism and feminism provide accounts of the way social arrangements of patterned and cumulative disparity which can be internally rational and systematic, yet unjust. Both are theories of power and social inequality. As Marxism exposes value as a social creation, feminism exposes a desire of the socially relational[16], internally necessary to unequal social orders. Thus, Marxist study is focused on the production of commodities for exchange and the subsequent social exploitation encouraged by this phenomenon. Feminist thought argues Marxist emphasis is placed on creative human labour which sustains the productive economy. In analyzing the modes of production and social exploitation, the societal theory neglects females who were not seen to be exploited in the same way as male workers as they did not constitute the oppressed labor force.[17] A further example of the disregard of women’s contribution to the production of commodities is the female role in the private sphere. It can be suggested that Marx ‘spends little time analyzing goods and services produced in the household and family’[18] where the trade is non commercial. Thus, feminist theory provided a valuable analytic discourse exposing the fallacy that Marxist ideas discuss all types of labour. It is in fact, limited by the barrier of gender inequalities. It failed t o adequately investigate such discrepancies according to feminist criticisms. Such external activities outside the market, such as reproduction which biologically provides the supply of labour from the family, are taken for granted by Marx.[19] Thus, feminist thought crucially highlighted how Marxism failed to comprehensively debate how a woman’s domestic and familial role aided the value of labor power as an economic commodity in society. Social theory examines many aspects of gender differences and inequality, factors which the works of classical sociologists developed no such theories about. Feminists revealed deep-seated conceptual weaknesses in such theories. For example Mackinnon’s critique of Marx discusses the notion that within the idea of class relations, women were to Marx defined by nature[20] and not by society. Therefore Marxism offers no authoritative scrutiny on the role of women within class division of society. Social feminist disciplines are argued by Adams and Sydie to help voice challenging questions which are ‘women centered in perspective, questions core concepts and assumptions of sociology’[21], and asks how change can produce a more socially acceptable human society for the sexes. In summary this paper believes feminist thought has performed a pivotal function in reassessing the nature of traditional sociological theories such as Marxism. In doing so, feminist scholars have created new perceptions of sociological theories in relation to discussing women in society. Feminist Legal and Jurisprudence Feminist legal theory, developed from the Critical Legal Studies School of jurisprudential thought. Feminist legal theory, aims broadly to: Analyze the contribution of law constructing, maintaining, reinforcing and perpetuating patriarchy and it looks at the ways in which this patriarchy can be undermined and ultimately eliminated.[22] According to the writer Leslie Bender patriarchy is a term used by feminists to address the ‘ubiquitous phenomenon of male domination.’[23] Discussion of patriarchy allows feminist discourse to examine social and legal power relations, primarily as men have used institutional methods of power to subordinate women. These methods of power ‘manifest itself in the political and economic world that governs families and sexual relationships.’[24] Freeman argues that this fundamental belief in social patriarchy is the only primary notion which brings together feminist legal theoretical discourse as a whole body.[25] Theoretical lines of inquiry stemming from the Critical Legal school, demonstrates that feminist legal thinking also aspires to create a basic critic of the: ‘inherent logic of law, the indeterminacy and manipulability of doctrine, the role of law, in legitimating particular social relations, the illegitimate hierarchies created by law and legal regulations.’[26] In this sense, feminist legal theories endeavor to locate and identify the underlying imbalances in legal rules and institutional structures in society, assessing the impact upon women as a whole. In a wider context, feminist thought is seen as an inevitable progression in academic debate into the area of jurisprudence. Ashe argues it is a ‘natural progression of the engagement of female reflection to one more area of discourse’ in view of other feminist studies in sociology, philosophy and history.[27] Therefore the extent of feminist contributions to legal jurisprudence can not be underestimated. It forms a solid ‘committed inquiry’ according to Dalton[28] in order to address female subordination, analyzing fundamental questions as to how and why mechanisms operate and succeed in placing women in such social positions. Furthermore feminist inquiry into law is a vital contribution for those studying the field. For example, this author believes continued fem ale expression and analytical work helps promote feminist legal jurisprudence within mainstream discourse. Dalton pessimistically characterizes the belief that from an outsiders view it is ‘beyond the pale’ to be a ‘women who teaches and writes as a woman, expressing women’s concerns.’[29] This paper would doubt the assertion that the role of academic feminist legal thought is viewed so disparagingly by mainstream society. Feminist legal thought may be thought of as a selective field of inquiry, but it is important for legal jurisprudence that all aspects of the law are examined from a variety of theoretical standpoints. This enables academics to discover and discuss the nature of law as an evolving social institution in a comprehensive manner. It helps to frame feminist jurisprudential within an inquisitive, exploratory framework which guides such discourse. This enables academics to focus on particular points in the discussion. This can be demonstrated by Heather Wishik,[30] in which feminist legal inquiry concentrates on answering the following analytical questions to provide a structurally coherent focus within the legal field: 1. What have been and what are now all women’s experiences of the ‘life situation addressed by the doctrine, process or area of law under examination? 2. What assumptions, descriptions, assertions and or definitions of experience – male, female or gender neutral –does the law make in this area? 3. What is the area of mismatch, distortion or denial created by the differences between women’s life experiences and the laws assumptions or imposed structures? 4. What patriarchal interests are served by the mismatch? 5. What reforms have been proposed in this area of law or women’s life situation? How will these reform proposals if adopted, affect women both practically and ideologically? 6. In an ideal world what would this woman’s life situation look like and what relationship if any, would law have to this future life situation? Such an analytical framework and inquiry demonstrates the reasoned theoretical approach plotted by feminist legal thought within jurisprudence. Locating specific questions enables feminist legal discussion to examine areas of law with purpose and structure, while sustaining its clear purpose of understanding the position of females operating within social structures. Feminist Legal Methodology To understand how feminist thought in relation to law is carried out, it is necessary to discuss the methodology of the academic school. The methodology can be simplified into three main points. First, it challenges the ‘positivist empirical tradition’ arguing that it is assumptive to accept the validity of observation and objective measurement. Feminist legal theorists therefore challenge a firmly established positivist concept within jurisprudence, that through a neutral standpoint the ‘truth or reality will emerge.’[31] Lacey discusses the ‘supposed’ neutral framework for legal reasoning such as the rule of law which is central to liberal and positivist legal philosophy. The idea of the rule of law is that it sets up standards which are applied in a neutral manner to formally equal parties. Questions of inequality and power may effect the capacity of those parties to engage effectively in legal reasoning. Gilligan on constructing moral problems in relation to gender has opened up a striking argument about the possible masculinity of the very process of legal reasoning.[32] The importance of challenging the conventional legal methodology helps to legitimately question the fundamental instutionalized legal reasoning processes which impact upon society. Finally, feminist methodology continually asks what is known as ‘the woman question’, investigating the nature of law through probing and recognizing female events which the law regulates in society. K.T Bartlett elaborated on the ‘woman question’ in Feminist Legal Methods[33] to mean ‘how the law fails to take into account the experiences and values that seem more typical of women than men or how existing legal standards and concepts might disadvantage women.’ Secondly, female practical reasoning stemming from contextual investigation is used to highlight the fundamental differences between people, and recognizes the value of the disenfranchised in society. Freeman suggests female practical reasoning is an interpretative approach[34] also used by the critical legal methods. Such influence means the interpretative approach is drawn on to ‘emancipate and uncover aspects of society especially ideologies that maintain the status quo by restri cting or limiting groups access to the means of gaining knowledge.’[35] Thirdly, through the tactic of ‘conscious raising,’ sharing and increasing individual awareness of the female life experience is a tool for feminists. Such ‘conscious raising’ enables the exploration of social constructs while challenging the objective truth exhibiting itself as ‘law and the criteria for legal legitimacy.’[36] The validity of such characteristic feminist methodological traits discussed by Bartlett reveals ‘things which traditional legal methods ignore.’[37] Such an approach places emphasis on the idea of: Positionality a stance that acknowledges the existence of empirical truths, values and knowledge. Knowledge is situated in social contexts and reflects different experiences. Thus they key lies in the effort to extend ones’ limited perspective.[38] This methodological standpoint is used as a launch pad by feminists to comprehensively consider different types of knowledge. Through experimental and far-reaching scrutiny, feminist scholars believe such a methodology will lead to heightened responsiveness achieving the goal of self determination and change in society. Freeman argues this point by stating an ‘improved methodology will result in a better understanding and ability to urge transformative practice.’[39] Categories of feminist legal thought Within feminist jurisprudence, there are many theoretical branches focusing on different conceptual points by academic feminists. Freeman identifies four main categories within feminist jurisprudence which have discussed extensive aspects of law’s relationship to the female gender in society. For example Liberal, Radical, Cultural and Postmodern approaches to feminist legal thought have provided thought provoking and powerful examinations of how women can be affected by law. Such diverse inquiries also investigate the consequences this has for female gender identity and socialized power relations. All theories are important as particular writers under each category discuss very real topical legal subjects which the reader can relate to. Examples of legal topics discussed by feminist scholars For example the legal subjects of rape, domestic violence, and harassment have been examined under English case law. R v. R (1991) has been a notable case for radical feminist attention in discussing the laws of rape, which attempt to protect women from sexual violence within and outside marriage. Feminists look at such emotive topics in order to place critical attention on women’s legal rights as citizens, examining the context of situations associated with the female experience. It can be suggested, a crucial aim of such discourse in not only theoretical, but represents genuine pragmatism to produce change which prevents rape head on,[40] and alters traditional ingrained conceptions which permeate gender relations in society. For example, rape should not be conceptualized as a phenomenon female victims should ‘have to deal with trying to avoid’ but infact it should be reformulated as an act which men must prevent.[41] It can be argued, it is imperative for femin ist legal scholars to continue to question how we view issues of sexual violence and critically assess how laws might unintentionally reinforce negative male values against women. A second area of feminist legal analysis is concentrated on the notion of equality for the sexes. Laws regulating pension retirement ages and equally pay opportunities under labour laws have been an issue within liberal feminism. Aspects of inequality between the sexes have been discussed using the differences in pay opportunities between the genders, and the existence of the glass ceiling in economic corporate structures. Such examples showing the range of analysis feminist legal thought pursues, demonstrates how resourceful the discipline is. Further more feminist thinking can provide distinct and logical investigations of previously unexplored areas of law. Black letter law, statutory legislation and rules effecting social relations and power structures have been exposed by feminists questioning the nat ure of legal rules upon female social existence. In this respect, feminist aims of uncovering the patriarchal aspects of the legal system increase awareness and help to establish necessary debates challenging the current condition of legal structures. This essay will now discuss some of the theoretical contributions of liberal, radical, and cultural feminist thought to legal theory. Feminist responses to Liberal theories This essay believes analysis of equality and earlier liberal theories have provided a valuable contribution to legal analysis. The work of Cain[42] and Lacey both examined models of equality in a legal environment. Liberals believe in the autonomous rational individual and minimal state involvement with private agents, which theoretically displaces gender differences. It suggests all humans are equal on the basis of possessing free will. Liberal feminism is rooted in the belief that women as well as men are right bearing autonomous human beings. Rationality, individual choice, equal rights and equal opportunities are central concepts for liberal political theory. Liberal feminism building on these concepts argues that women are just as rational as men and those women should have equal opportunities with men to exercise their right to make rational self interested choices. [43] Cain directly challenges established libertarian thought, arguing it is not the point ‘ to make women into men but expand the possibilities for female life experience by freeing women from the limitations of the male constructed category of â€Å"women† if she so chooses.’[44] Nicola Lacey extends this line of argument by examining the institutional limitations which are placed on women. This is known as the public and private sphere which effects power relations between men and women. The private spheres of life, such as family domestic life are contrasted to male dominated areas of public life such as in employment. Freeman argues ‘family is seen as beyond the control of the state, as power is deemed to be in the public arena while power relations in the domestic sphere can be ignored.’[45] Lacey raises an important theoretical point, questioning the extent to which the state should legitimately intervene into the private realm, especially in the co ntext of domestic violence and sexual abuse within family relations. It is argued the state should favor a pro interventionist policy in such cases even if it goes against traditional liberal values infringing on individual civil liberties and private autonomy. Thus, Lacey argues the ‘ideology of the public and private allows the government to clean it’s hands of any responsibility for the state of the private world and depoliticizes the disadvantages which may spill over the divide, affecting the position of the privately disadvantaged.’[46] Lacey argues the language of public and private spheres helps to support the status quo of pre existing power relations. For example, in the case of domestic violence the victims are ignored, resulting with ‘women being depoliticized and marginalized.’[47] It is suggested by Freeman that women’s injuries are ‘often not recognized by public legal culture’[48] such as in prosecutions which invo lve Battered Women’s Syndrome, and the application of provocation and self defense in criminal prosecutions. Olsen suggests the lack of state intervention is itself ‘a political act confirming the status quo and affirming the public private power relations.’[49] Such powerful discussions of feminist thought applied to legal analysis shows how traditional theories can be persuasively challenged from the feminist perspective to encourage new degrees of awareness and dialogue. Radical ‘identity’ theories Radical feminist thought is voiced by Mackinnon[50], claiming the dominant official voice is that of the male. It is suggested that the only significant distinction between the sexes is inequality. It is a patriarchal society where socio – legal structures facilitate the entire oppression and exploitation of women by men. Law is viewed to perpetuate the imbalance of power representing ‘a particularly potent source and badge of legitimacy’ which is systematically geared to enable male domination. Radical theories are controversial as they argue that dominance within power relations is central to accurately voicing the ‘authentic feminist approach.’[51] Such theories can be criticized for being defeatist as it implies that ‘inherent masculinity of the law can not be changed by increasing women’s entry into the structures of the legal system or by incorporating female values into its rules and processes.’[52] Therefore, laws aimed at abolishing discrimination and establishing equality in the workplace is deemed ‘futile’ in attempting to realistically alter the status of women. Logically the theory follows, if the law is fundamentally male orientated then its apparent objectivity and ‘equality for all persons’ is a cruel myth promoting a ‘false consciousness’ among women who believe they are regarded equally under law. Harris suggests that radical feminist legal theory believes only in the validity of exposing the ‘systematic stereotyping and denigration of women’[53]. Only through the broad methods of conscious raising will true social freedom grow, overcoming patriarchal structures as female self awareness of their own oppression is enhanced. Criticism of radical theories It is important to note such radical feminist legal theories have been ferociously criticized by those of difference and equivalence feminism. For example academics such as Cornell[54] specifically attack Mackinnon for conceptualizing female experience as a form of sexually passive victimhood. Secondly, Harris[55] criticizes radical feminist thought for over generalizing the suggestion that female dominance is the only universal experience encountered by women. Furthermore, is it incorrect to characterize the law as male, since discrimination is not limited to gender. It can apply to race which can affect both men and women. Cornell attacks Mackinnon’s conclusion that the distinctive female values are simply a social construct formulated within the confines of the male dominated system. Therefore they are not truly feminine values per se. Cornell strongly criticizes Mackinnon’s reclamation of tough language to argue the point that women are degraded for example, in porn ography as ‘passive receptacles’ in intercourse. [56] Cornell believes such ‘militant anti utopianism, is the inevitable expression or her argument that there is only one self-enclosed, self-perpetuating reality for women’[57] that of male domination. Cornell contends that the sexes are different, and this must be recognized to encourage positive conceptions of sexual difference. She argues it is possible to maintain equality but also remain different and embrace the existence of womanhood which is rejected by the radical theorists. Such internal factionalism within the movement of legal feminist thought, it can be suggested reflects negatively on the discipline in terms of promoting a coherent and distinctive approach to the legal field. But such disagreements are ultimately reflective of the extensive nature of feminist thought in tackling the legal field. Cultural feminist theory It can be suggested cultural feminist theory, especially exhibited in the work of Gilligan[58] has provided a distinctive but divisive legal analysis of law. In Gilligan’s difference feminism, the writer argues constructs of morality are formed at an early age and are crucially gender orientated, thus specific to males and females in different ways. Difference feminism has created an alternative paradigm assessing male and female social structures. Gilligan suggests women focus on an ‘ethics of care’ instead of the male ‘ethics of justice’. An ethics of care is argued to stress the values of

My Philosophy of Education :: Teaching Teachers Educational Essays

My Philosophy of Education Mrs. Carson stands at the front of the classroom explaining the homework she had just assigned. She hears a few muffled voices in the back and directs her attention to those students. One of the boys raises his hand in a nervous manner wondering if he should follow through with the question. Mrs. Carson calls on him to speak and he asks, "When are we ever going to use this in the real world?" This question is one that every teacher hears his or her students ask. The question for me is, Should we change the curriculum of the school so students won't be able to ask that, or should we change the method of teaching in the classroom so the students won't want to ask that question?" In my opinion, the answer lies in the philosophical approaches of behaviorism and progressivism in the classroom. There are different aspects of behaviorism in which B.F. Skinner noted, that I would like to take into my class. I am a big advocate of positive reinforcement. I see where rewarding the students for doing something correctly and doing it well encourages them to continue in that like manner. In this approach, the students will learn the material even if they are not sure what effect it will have on them in their future. The goal in this philosophy is to turn the extrinsic rewards I give the students into intrinsic rewards, over a period of time. when I was in elementary and junior high school, the only reason I wanted to make good grades was for gifts (mostly money) and praise given by my parents and teachers. As I got a little older and went into high school and later college, I started wanting to do better because of the satisfaction I would find with myself. The philosophy of behaviorism also deals with the big role environment plays in a student's academic career. I completely agree. Throughout junior high and most of high school, I had the worst science teachers anybody could possibly imagine. In the ninth grade, my teacher was always preparing a lab for us...but during out class period. Amazingly, we never did anything because he could never find the right materials.